Sunday, February 26, 2012

News and Events - 27 Feb 2012




rss@dailykos.com (Scott Wooledge
26.02.2012 18:30:03
Democrats say I do
On Feb. 13,
Freedom to Marry launched their
"Democrats: Say I Do" campaign, aimed at lobbying the Democratic Party's drafting committee to formally adopt a position of supporting marriage equality into the party platform. The new platform will be ratified at the Democratic National Convention this summer. The current platform language reads (
p. 52 :
We support the full inclusion of all families, including same-sex couples, in the life of our nation, and support equal responsibility, benefits, and protections. We will enact a comprehensive bipartisan employment non-discrimination act. We oppose the Defense of Marriage Act and all attempts to use this issue to divide us.
The proposed new language would read:
The Democratic Party supports the full inclusion of all families in the life of our nation, with equal respect, responsibility, and protection under the law, including the freedom to marry. Government has no business putting barriers in the path of people seeking to care for their family members, particularly in challenging economic times. We support the Respect for Marriage Act and the overturning of the federal so-called “Defense of Marriage Act,” and oppose discriminatory constitutional amendments and other attempts to deny the freedom to marry to loving and committed same-sex couples.
Is the time ripe for the Democratic party to finally come out of the closet and say "I do" support marriage equality and not just wink and a nod at it?

Reid Wilson writing in the
National Journal
this week called marriage equality support
"The New Democratic Litmus Test." Wilson argues the 2016 Democratic presidential aspirants will inevitably include marriage equality supporters, and Democratic marriage equality opponents may well find themselves at a significant fundraising disadvantage.

In July 2011, President Obama's pollster Joel Benenson and George W. Bush's pollster Dr. Jan van Lohuizen were hired by Freedom to Marry to crunch the numbers. Here's what their analysis of six national polls from Gallup, Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI , CNN/Opinion Research Corporation, ABC News/Washington Post and Pew Research Center (Pew found:

Trend poll
Trendline from pollster's
summary report (PDF .

The trendlines are indisputable, and a general consensus seems to be forming that marriage equality is inevitable,
Vice-President Joe Biden even said so himself.

Among Beneson and van Lohuizen's conclusions was the declaration that "support strongly correlates with age. As Americans currently under the age of 40 make up a greater percentage of the electorate, their views will come to dominate."

Sussman
Emily Tisch Sussman
And look who signed up right away to endorse Freedom to Marry's initiative: the Executive Director of
Young Democrats of America. YDA has 150,000+ members from chapters in 46 states and U.S. territories and over 1,500 local chapters. Emily Tisch Sussman
writing on the group's website said:
“As the Executive Director of Young Democrats of America, I represent young people, and the way we connect young people back to Democratic politics is by speaking out for what is right and taking action. Polling shows that 70 percent of voters 18-34 support the freedom to marry, and for many of our members, it’s a cause that goes to the core of why they consider themselves Democrats. It is time to realize that marriage is no longer an effective wedge issue; it is a cause that we as Democrats should be leading on.”
Leadership is the key issue here.

The changing trendlines certainly are signaling to many Democratic leaders the water's fine, hop right in. The strong hand of leadership emanting from Democratic Govs. Cuomo, Gregoire and O'Malley in New York, Washington and Maryland were certainly key to marriage equality victories in the last year.

There is certainly a school of thought that Democrats should not engage "social issues" and that what voters really care about is the jobs and economy.

While the second part is almost certainly true, total disengagement from this "social issue" is not a luxury the LGBT community has the privilege to enjoy in the 2012 election cycle. Whether LGBT Americans like it or not, their civil rights will be going to popular ballot referendums, definitely in Minnesota, Maine and all but certainly in Washington and Maryland as well. North Carolina too will be voting on May 8 on a constitutional amendment to
ban virtually all unions but opposite-sex marriage.

And for some inexplicable reason Republicans seem anxious to make 2012 the year of a resurgent culture war. Inexplicable as polling shows they are out if the mainstream on all touchstone issues. Abortion, birth control and even marriage equality offers increasingly no advantage to winning the hearts and minds of the middle.

Poll
Support by party affliation, average five national polls*
Nationally marriage equality supporters are
indisputably in the majority.

Viewing support through party affiliations, and non-affiliated voters, the divide is even more revealing.

Increasingly the GOP's rhetoric preaches only to their choir. Supporting marriage equality offers little risk to a Democrat to turn off the base or independents. It's becoming clear that the most adamant opposition is fast boiling down to a hardcore group of 30% mostly religious right conservative Republicans. And it isn't at all clear that a voter that doesn't support marriage equality personally considers a candidate's support a deal-breaker in an otherwise acceptable platform of issues.

Believe it or not, even the Republican party seems to be waking up to this. Earlier this year,

National Journal
took the temperature of political "insiders"—political operatives, strategists, campaign consultants and lobbyists—in both parties. They found an amazing 20 percent drop in GOP's appetite for opposing marriage equality in just under two years. All the movement on the GOP side was toward a desire to "avoid" the issue:


Republicans insiders on marriage equality
July 2011
(105 votes
April 2009
(104 votes
My party should support it14%8%
My party should oppose it30%50%
My party should avoid the issue56%37%
Other (volunteered 0%6%
A smart strategist will attack where he sees his opponent retreating and 84 percent of Democratic opinion leaders recommend their party support marriage equality. Quotes from insiders included this from a Democrat: "It's a huge demographic opportunity for Democrats because almost every voter under 30 supports it."  This one came from a GOP operative: "Only idiots fight demography." In New Jersey, Democrats appear to have used Republican Chris Christie's idiocy against him.

But often Democrats are more comfortable discussing the politics of contrast than playing them. To do that you have to get in front of the issue, and lead the conversation in a new direction rather than just respond to what the other side is saying.

As marriage equality support becomes the majority position it becomes less and less understandable to the LGBT community that leaders should treat the issue as radioactive or an electoral albatross.

There is of course, widespread anxiety about these various ballot fights coming to the 2012 calendar, and also perhaps anxiety at the prospect of a 2008 redux.

Think back to November 4, 2008. While Democrats had every reason to cheer, for the LGBT constituency, the evening was more bittersweet. The landslide win of Barack Obama, and downticket sweeps of Democrats did not stop Proposition 8 in California, nor did it stop similar anti-gay ballot initatives in Florida, Arizona, and Arkansas.

In 2009, during the ballot fight for marriage equality in Maine, there was some criticism that Organizing for America was perhaps,
less engaged than many LGBT Democrats might have hoped. That ballot initiative failed narrowly.

Signs are encouraging that the larger Democratic establishment will be more engaged in assisting the LGBT community with these battles in 2012 than in the past.

In Maryland and Washington, the party has good incentive to unite. Like marriage equality or not, the Republicans are coming to take away the Democratic Governor's legacy. Govs. Gregoire and O'Malley's triumphs will be hollow, even viewed as a political misstep, should they be erased by voters. In both states, a united front of the Democratic base can assure the governors' fight for the freedom to marry was not made in vain and the Democratic party's legislative agenda vindicated. In Minnesota, the Democratic party, under the leadership of
Gov. Mark Dayton is showing a fierce appetite to adopt the fight as their own.

Unsurprisingly, further south of the Mason-Dixon line, the news is less encouraging in North Carolina. Moving the date of the ballot initiative
from the general to be concurrent with Republican primary was anything but helpful, at least for the LGBT community. And
Sen. Kay Hagan's comment she was "wary" of the amendment was described by North Carolinian Pam Spaulding as more
"tepid" and "pitiful" than fierce, but still better than Democratic
Gov. Beverly Perdue's statement.

The platform adoption is but one strategy for solidifying support within the Democratic base for turning these ballot initiatives into LGBT victories.

Adam Bink of Courage Campaign called adopting marriage equality support into the platform "constructive and important." But Courage Campaign's strategy is perhaps more pragmatic than symbolic and can be summed up in four words: "Show us the money!"
Courage Campaign and Grindr 4 Equality are focused on ensuring the DNC chip in to fund the campaign against these discriminatory amendments in Minnesota and North Carolina and ensure equal rights in other states because ultimately, money is what is needed to get our message out to voters in these critical campaigns."
Courage Campaign's petition to the DNC reads:
LGBT voters and their allies have put Democrats in office for years. Now it's time for the Democratic National Committee (DNC to have our back and help secure equal rights. As many as 5 states (Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, North Carolina and Washington will face ballot referenda on marriage equality this year, where voters will vote on the rights of same-sex couples to marry.

In 2008, the DNC chipped in $25,000 to help fight Prop 8 and then-candidate Obama called for a "no" vote. DNC Chairwoman and Florida Congresswoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz told reporters she would "certainly consider" funding the fight for equal rights. Let's show the DNC how important it is for them to help again.

Submitted to Madame Chairwoman as she considers the appropriating of DNC resources for the 2012 cycle: the voters these equality-minded organizers will be working furiously to drive into voting booths will almost certainly be disproportionately young, progressive Democrats. Please, consider how that might end well for everyone on election night.

The ask seems particularly effective coming from Courage Campaign as they have distinguished themselves as full-spectrum progressive organizer engaging on issues as disparate as
fair taxation,
racism,
health care reform and countless others.

Michael Cole-Schwartz speaking for
Human Rights Campaign said:

We are supportive of Freedom to Marry's and Courage Campaign's efforts. Having party support for marriage and a variety of other LGBT issues is important which is why we've testified previously, including in 2008, before the DNC Platform Committee. As we look toward these critical elections with marriage to be on the ballot in a number of states, HRC will be playing a substantial role in these fights.
The LGBT community has a good friend in DNC chairwoman Wasserman Schultz, a supporter of marriage equality. She has not yet commented on the platform language, but has a long history of standing with the LGBT community, including
serving as vice-chair of the House LGBT equality caucus. House Minority leader Nancy Pelosi has already
voiced support for the proposed change in platform language. She also once said to marriage equality opponents, "The inconceivable to you is the inevitable to us."


HRC
Secret Service watches President Obama address
Human Rights Campaign, Oct. 2009 (
White House
But of course the
elephant
donkey in the living room is the awkward optics of a party adopting a position that the party leader does not share. (Although exactly such a situation
already transpired late last year in Australia on precisely this issue. This almost certainly presents the biggest hurdle to the successful adoption.

But even the party leader himself seems to be acknowledging the inevitable
telling Joe Sudbay and gathered bloggers in October 2010:

THE PRESIDENT: The one thing I will say today is I think it’s pretty clear where the trendlines are going.

Q: The arc of history.

THE PRESIDENT: The arc of history.

The biggest point of debate seems to be when he will—or should—get on the correct side of the arc of history?

Not everyone has lost faith that the president's position will complete its evolution before November 6, 2012. In December, former Clinton White House advisor
Richard Socarides wrote of Prop 8 and DOMA constitutional challenges in the
New Yorker
:

The potential for those decisions, together with a rapid change in public opinion in favor of marriage equality, have clearly become factors in President Obama’s thinking. As a result, I believe that he will announce his support for same-sex marriage before the 2012 election.
Might the president announce his personal endorsement concurrent with that of his party?

It certainly would put a bold exclamation point on his likely place in history as the first American president to declare the freedom to marry as a fundamental human right for every loving couple.







24.02.2012 10:00:00
Title: Health Tip: Seniors Need Exercise, Too

Category: Health News

Created: 2/24/2012 8:05:00 AM

Last Editorial Review: 2/24/2012



2012-02-25 06:35:59
Federal health officials issued a warning Friday against the use of a common paint-stripping chemical for the purpose of refinishing bathtubs after studies linked it to 13 deaths during the past 11 years. The deaths, which took place in 10 states from 2000 through 2011, each occurred in a residential bathroom that was lacking adequate ventilation, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC weekly report. The deaths were linked to 10 different products containing methylene chloride -- a substance not marketed for bathtub refinishing, Reuters and the Associated Press (AP said on Friday. According to the Reuters, each of the products contained between 60% and 100% of methylene chloride, a substance used in the aircraft industry as well as on wood, metal, glass, and masonry. The news agency describes the substance as "a highly volatile, colorless, toxic chemical that is commonly used as a degreaser and paint remover and absorbed primarily by inhaling the vapors." "Each death occurred in a residential bathroom with inadequate ventilation," the CDC said in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, according to the AP. "Protective equipment, including a respirator, either was not used or was inadequate to protect against methylene chloride vapor." Methylene chloride can be found in products available online and in hardware stores, the CDC said, and has previously been established as potentially fatal to factory workers and furniture strippers, Reuters reported. The organization has recommended using alternate methods, such as sanding or using acetate, mineral spirits, or caustic paste in order to strip the bathtub instead of this toxic substance. The investigation was launched at Michigan State University in 2011, the school said in a Thursday press release, adding that part of the risk is that methylene chloride vapors are heavier than air and are likely to remain in bathtubs long after their application. "To use products containing methylene chloride safely, work areas must be well-ventilated, and when levels of methylene chloride exceed recommended exposure limits, workers must use protective equipment," Kenneth Rosenman, chief of MSU's Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine in the College of Human Medicine and co-author of the CDC's report, said in a statement. "In a small bathroom, it is unlikely these products can be used safely," Rosenman, who co-wrote the advisory along with Michigan State industrial hygienist Debra Chester, added. "The extreme hazards of using products with this chemical in bathtub refinishing need to be clearly communicated to employers, workers and the general public… Safer methods using alternative products should be recommended." --- On the Net:



24.02.2012 10:00:00
Title: Contraceptives Work Well in Obese Women, But Hormone Levels Lower

Category: Health News

Created: 2/23/2012 8:06:00 PM

Last Editorial Review: 2/24/2012



24.02.2012 10:00:00
Title: Citrus Fruits May Lower Women's Stroke Risk

Category: Health News

Created: 2/23/2012 6:06:00 PM

Last Editorial Review: 2/24/2012



25.02.2012 23:47:07

Submitted by Charles Hugh Smith from
Of Two Minds

This Is Small Business in America: Burdened, Crushed, Doomed 

If you make it increasingly costly and risky to open a small enterprise, then no wonder unemployment remains high.

You hear a lot about Kafkaesque stifling bureaucracy in Greece and other struggling European nations, but America's Status Quo is trying its best to destroy small enterprise with taxes and crushing bureaucracy. I am self-employed, and have been for most of my life. When I did take a paid position, it was in other small enterprises or local non-profit organizations.

I mention this because there is an unbridgeable divide in any discussion of small business between those who have no experience in entrepreneural enterprise (i.e. they've worked for the government, NGOs/non-profits or Corporate America their entire careers and those who have.

There are all sorts of similar chasms that cannot be crossed and which quickly reveal a surreal disconnect from actual lived reality: for example, the difference between actually playing football--yes, with pads, a muddy field and guys trying to slam you to the ground--and being an armchair quarterback who's never been hit even once, never caught a pass or ever struggled to bring down a faster, bigger player. (And yes, I did play football in high school as a poor dumb skinny kid who mostly warmed the bench for good reason, but I lettered.

At the extreme of this disconnect, we have armchair generals screaming for war who have no experience of combat or war as it is actually experienced.

You get the point: it's very easy for well-paid pundits who have never started a single real enterprise or met a single payroll to pontificate about "opportunity" and small business as the engine of growth, blah blah blah. It's also easy for those with no actual experience to reach all sorts of absurd conclusions about how easy it is to turn a small business into great wealth. (No, Bain Capital or other Wall Street outposts of financialization are not "small business."

In real life, it's only easy to run a small business into the ground, especially when there's a thousand tons of junk fees, taxes and useless bureaucratic requirements on your back. Lest you think this an exaggeration, consider that it took
two years and $200,000 to open an ice cream parlor in a vacant retail space:

"Ms. Pries said it took two years to open the ice cream parlor, due largely to the city’s morass of permits, procedures and approvals required to start a small business. While waiting for permission to operate, she still had to pay rent and other costs, going deeper into debt each passing month without knowing for sure if she would ever be allowed to open.

 

“It’s just a huge risk,” she said, noting that the financing came from family and friends, not a bank. “At several points you wonder if you should just walk away and take the loss.”

 

Ms. Pries said she had to endure months of runaround and pay a lawyer to determine whether her location (a former grocery, vacant for years was eligible to become a restaurant. There were permit fees of $20,000; a demand that she create a detailed map of all existing area businesses (the city didn’t have one ; and an $11,000 charge just to turn on the water."

There is nothing mysterious about the cause of this Kafkaesque Status Quo: each city, county, state and Federal fiefdom must justify its existence and payroll, and everyone in each fiefdom will fight with every fiber of their being to protect their turf. Politically, it's a fight to the death to trim even the thinnest slice of bureaucracy, and so little if any ever gets trimmed.

Nobody will care until the city, county and state's revenues collapse as people opt out of supporting the bloated dead-weight of the Status Quo with their own sweat and blood.

The only way to survive is to not have a "real" business, i.e. you write code in your living room or parents' basement, or you do enough business in the informal sector (cash to support your high-cost formal business.

Taxes and bureaucracy are not just urban phenomena, as this insightful report from Eric in Texas shows. Eric draws a critically important causal line between the stifling of small enterprise and high structural unemployment: if you make it so costly, risky and burdensome to start a business and hire people, then no wonder unemployment is high and will stay high.

One of your recent posts made me think of how difficult reinventing communities and coming up with creative solutions for the problems of unemployment and displaced people in our society is. I think it has to do mainly with the way in which lower middle class / middle class people are overburdened with taxation. As you stated in your post, the amount of taxation is staggering. Especially for the self employed, like myself.

 

My wife and I pay much the same percentage taxes as you listed in your post. I live in a rural area of Texas and from time to time small acreage properties go up for sale around our home. If we wanted to buy some adjacent acreage for the purpose of inviting a few of our friends, who are teetering on the edge of unemployment and facing the prospect of real poverty, to live next to us and help each other grow food, take care of livestock and find creative self employment opportunities in our area together, the resultant burden of taxation would prevent it.

 

For example, as I see it, my wife and I would now be paying property taxes on two properties, one would not have the homestead exemption. Any "improvement" on the new property, e.g. a small house built for our friends, would only increase the property taxes. We would also have to consider, if we planned to live together in this way long term with the major contribution of our "unemployed" friends being their labor and time invested in our communal living experiment, what kinds of taxes we might be subject to in the future based on the way we are using each others time and energy to achieve solutions for food production, child rearing, shelter, etc. I don't know if we would be subjected to any taxation in doing these things only assuming we might be.

 

To attempt to sum up my reaction to your post, I will make a list of what I think would impede a lower middle class person who has some discretionary income and could provide a small house and small acreage for the benefit of a few friends on the brink of poverty, with the view to the arrangement being ultimately beneficial to all involved.

 

1. Increased property taxes
2. The possibility of providing mandatory health insurance through "Obama care"
3. Taxes and or restrictions on what produce we can sell through farmer's markets or through the Internet, e.g. the recent crackdown on raw milk sells, and "cottage foods" like goat cheese, homemade pies, homemade canned goods, etc. In other words, if our whole way of life is to produce locally grown food for ourselves and our extended "family" and this is threatened through excessive regulation and or taxation, I wonder if it's really realistic to pursue.
4. In Texas taxes are rising, even in this recession school taxes, property taxes, fees, etc. are all going up.
5. Federal taxes look like they are poised to increase.

 

If I didn't have to worry about taking on the burden of all these forms of taxation, property taxes being the most onerous to me, I might could use what capital I have to invest in a communal living arrangement that I would hope to be of benefit to my family and some of our friends.

 

It's the idea, ultimately, that I want to reinvent my community (for me that means bringing friends in close relationship in mutual work for mutual benefit and provide opportunities to contribute. But if that means having to tangle with bureaucrats over how much more I now owe because of my desire to do these things, I think I will be doing better to try to take care of myself, my wife, and our children, and leave the rest of my loved ones to prayer and occasional modest charity.

 

In short, if we were not taxed every time we tried to do something, we just might damn well do something!

 

Let's focus on getting rid of property taxes, and other forms of ridiculous taxation so that we can free up our energy and time to do the very things you advocated so well in your post.

 

I realize the benefit to myself and so many of some forms of government assistance, for example food stamps, child tax credit, energy efficiency rebates.... I think good government programs could be sustained if we did things like close our military bases around the world, brought the troops back to the states, and made education and real estate much less expensive, and allowed people to grow and market local foods without encumberance.

 

You wrote:

 

Here is the ugly truth about the Savior State, welfare state, social welfare state, or whatever you choose to call the Central State: The Savior State displaces and destroys community and social capital. By making individuals dependent on the Central State for free money, free food, free housing, etc., then the State has taken over the natural function of community.

 

In my opinion, it is also that the Savior State displaces and destroys even the potential for ( my main point community and social capital. By placing oppressive, punitive, discouraging, and unreasonable forms of taxation on individuals who may otherwise extend resources of capital towards helping their neighbors, friends, and even family. In this way, then, the State has decided to oppress and retard the development of communities.

Well said, Eric, thank you. Before you jump in to "correct" this view of small enterprise in America, first list how many enterprises you have started, owned or run, and how many people were/are on your payroll.

If you think it's so easy to get rich in small business, then here's the keys, and payday's on Friday.

http://www.zerohedge.com/news/guest-post-small-business-america-burdened-crushed-doomed#comments



24.02.2012 10:00:00
Title: More Kidney Dialysis Is Better, Research Finds

Category: Health News

Created: 2/23/2012 6:06:00 PM

Last Editorial Review: 2/24/2012

Friday, February 24, 2012

News and Events - 25 Feb 2012



NHS Choices
24.02.2012 13:14:00

There have been several reports in the media suggesting that some doctors in British clinics are agreeing to abortions solely because of the foetus’ gender. The allegations stem from an undercover investigation by The Daily Telegraph, which said it had secretly filmed three doctors offering to arrange terminations after being told the reason the women did not want to go ahead with the pregnancy was the sex of the foetus. The paper has posted edited highlights of the secret filming online.

Abortion for non-medical purposes, for example, because of the foetus’ gender alone, is illegal in Britain. The Abortion Act 1967 covers England, Scotland and Wales, but not Northern Ireland.  

What is the basis for these current reports?

In a report this week, the Telegraph said it carried out an investigation into the possible abortion of a foetus on the grounds of its unwanted gender after concerns were raised that the procedure was becoming increasingly common “for cultural and social reasons”.

Acting on specific information, undercover reporters accompanied four pregnant women of different ethnic backgrounds to nine abortion clinics in different parts of the country. In three instances, it said, doctors were recorded offering to arrange terminations after being told the woman did not want to go ahead with the pregnant because of the sex of the foetus. 

Are abortions legally available “on demand” in Britain?

No. It's a common misconception that a woman "has the right to choose" an abortion or that she can have an abortion carried out "on demand".

Nevertheless, there are some 200,000 abortions carried out in Britain each year and a third of British women will have had an abortion by the time they reach the age of 45.

What does the law actually say on abortion?

The 1967 Abortion Act governs abortion in England, Wales and Scotland. Under the Act, termination of a pregnancy under 24 weeks is legally justified if two doctors “decide in good faith” that one or more of the following grounds are fulfilled:

  • Continuing with the pregnancy would be a greater risk to the woman's life than ending the pregnancy.
  • Continuing with the pregnancy would involve a greater risk of injury to the woman's physical or mental health than ending the pregnancy.
  • Continuing with the pregnancy would be more of a risk to the physical or mental health of any of the woman's existing children than ending the pregnancy.
  • There is a real risk that the child, if born, would have a serious physical or mental disability.

In 1990, the Act was amended to include "the selective reduction of a multiple pregnancy" as a permissible reason for abortion.

In the case of an emergency where there is risk of serious injury or a threat to the mother’s life, only one doctor needs to agree to an abortion.

The Act also allows abortion past the 24-week point in circumstances where it is likely to cause "grave, permanent injury" (physical or mental to the pregnant woman.

The vast majority (over 95% of the 200,000 induced abortions carried out in Britain each year are clinically justified on mental injury grounds: which are that to continue the pregnancy would cause a greater mental injury than having it terminated.

Does the law say anything about abortion on the grounds of gender?

No. But agreeing to an abortion on the grounds of the foetus’ gender alone, without a medical reason to support it, would not be viewed as fulfilling the medical criteria required by law.

Would there ever be any legal justification for an abortion on the grounds of gender?

If a foetus was found to have a genetic, sex-linked disorder that would cause serious disability, this might fulfil the legal, medical criteria for terminating the pregnancy. Sex-linked disorders are inherited through one of the X or Y chromosomes.

It may also be possible that a foetus could be aborted because of its gender if the gender issue could be shown to risk "injury" to the mother's mental health. The predicted injury would have to be deemed greater than any caused by the termination. 

On what grounds are most abortions allowed?

According to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, of the 200,000 abortions carried out each year in Britain, 98% were carried out because the mother was less than 24 weeks pregnant and the continuation of the pregnancy would involve a greater risk of injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman. Of these, the vast majority are justified on grounds of mental, rather than physical, injury.  

What happens next?

The health secretary, Andrew Lansley, has told the Telegraph that the Department of Health (DH would be speaking to the police about the allegations to investigate whether criminal offences have been committed. He said the DH would furthermore ask the General Medical Council to investigate individual clinicians. The DH has also asked the Care Quality Commission (the NHS regulator to inspect the named clinics urgently. The DH chief medical officer has written to all clinics licensed to carry out abortions to remind them of the requirements of the Abortion Act.

Two of the doctors filmed have reportedly been suspended.

Who can I talk to about whether to continue my pregnancy?

If you are pregnant and don’t know what to do, a good starting point is to consult the fpa (Family Planning Association guide to your options.

Links To The Headlines

Abortion investigation: Doctor admits procedure tantamount to 'female infanticide'. Daily Telegraph, February 23 2012

Abortion investigation: Available on demand – an abortion if it’s a boy you wanted. Daily Telegraph, February 23 2012

Abortion investigation: Doctor secretly filmed offering to terminate a foetus because of its gender. Daily Telegraph, February 22 2012

Doctors suspended in the furore over abortion by gender. Daily Mail, February 24 2012

Gender-based abortion claims probed by Department of Health. BBC News, February 24 2012

Clinics granting sex-selection abortions to be investigated by health officials. Guardian, February 24 2012









24.02.2012 21:18:54
Move over blueberries, pomegranates, and Merlot! There's a new set of superfoods to try.
Pistachios
While pistachios are best known for their healthy fats, they also contain a class of antioxidants call flavonoids that have strong anti-inflammatory properties.

You know what else is great about pistachios? You get to eat twice as many per ounce than any other nut. Enjoy them as a healthy snack or try them on your chicken with this healthy dinner recipe.

Mushrooms
Mushrooms are a great low-calorie food (only 15 calories per cup that also contain Vitamin D. Even though they're not deep red, purple, or blue (the colors we often associate with antioxidant-rich foods , mushrooms contain high levels of a unique antioxidant called ergothioneine. Ergothioneine is a powerful antioxidant that some scientists say may be used to treat cancer and AIDs in the future. Ergothioneine is also the reason why mushroom extract is used in many skincare products.

Choose oyster mushrooms: They contain the highest levels of ergothioneine. This simple recipe for grilled oyster mushrooms is the perfect compliment to steak.

Coffee
A cup of Joe in the morning delivers more than a shot of caffeine—it's packed with antioxidants too. Coffee contains an antioxidant called chlorogenic acid, which may be responsible for its ability to prevent the oxidation of your bad cholesterol (oxidation makes your bad cholesterol worse .

Remember that coffee itself is calorie free, and it only starts to negatively impact your health and waistline when you add sweetened syrups, sugar, and gobs of whipped cream.

Flax
Flaxseeds and flaxseed oil are best known for their high levels of the omega-3 fat alpha-linolenic acid (ALA . One tablespoon of flaxseed oil contains more than 6 grams of ALA, while 2 tablespoons of ground flaxseeds have 3 grams.

Nutritionally speaking, flax is much more than just a dose of ALA. It also contain antioxidants called lignans. Two tablespoons of flaxseed meal contains up to 300 mg of lignans while 1 tablespoon of the oil has 30 mg. Research shows that lignans help fight inflammation by lowering C-reactive protein (a blood marker of general inflammation , and they might also help lower cholesterol levels.

Barley
When you think of antioxidants, you probably don't picture grains. The processing and refinement of grains strips them of their nutritional merit, but if you eat grains in their unrefined form, you’re in for an added health punch. Barley contains the antioxidant ferulic acid (if you can get your hands on black barley that's even better .

Ferulic acid was shown in animals to decrease the negative effects on the brain following a stroke. Barley is a great replacement for rice or quinoa in your diet. This easy barley salad packs an added protein punch with the addition of edamame beans.

Black Tea
Green tea gets all the PR buzz, but black tea packs an equal health punch in its own way. Although green tea contains high levels of EGCG, an antioxidant that when combined with caffeine can help you lose weight, black tea contains high levels of the antioxidant gallic acid, which may help fight cancer by preventing its spread from one organ to another.

Black tea requires a slightly different preparation than green tea. For the perfect black tea brew, bring the water to a full boil and then steep for three to five minutes.

red cabbage
Acai berries, red wine, and pomegranates are all known for their high levels of the antioxidants called anthocyanins. That is what gives these foods their deep red color. So maybe it's not so surprising that red and purple cabbage is another great source of the same powerful antioxidant.

Anthocyanins can help improve the health and youthfulness of your blood vessels, warding off heart disease. And if your dose of anthocyanins comes from cabbage, you'll get the added benefit of glucosinolates, another antioxidant that may help cells fight against cancer.

One cup of red cabbage contains less than 30 calories and has 2 grams of stay-full fiber. Try this quick and easy recipe for fennel and red cabbage slaw that's free of any thick and calorie-dense dressing.

Rosemary
Several spices and herbs are well known for their high antioxidant content. Cinnamon contains antioxidants that help control blood sugar, while turmeric's brand of antioxidants fight inflammation.

Rosemary is no different—it just flies under the radar. Research suggest that an antioxidant in rosemary called carnosol may play a role in warding off Alzheimer’s disease while also acting as the driving nutrient behind rosemary oil’s effects on improving memory.

To make a simple, brain-boosting marinade, soak chicken in three tablespoons of fresh chopped rosemary, ? cup of balsamic vinegar, and a pinch of salt. It makes for one unforgettable meal.

Eggs
When eggs make headlines, it usually has to do with their cholesterol content, not their antioxidants. Lutein and zeaxanthin are two antioxidants found in the yolk of eggs (another reason to eat the whole egg that may help prevent age-related vision problems. At only 70 calories and 6 grams of protein a piece, you can easily account for whole eggs in your healthy diet.

Check out these 20 quick and easy ways to cook eggs to get your daily dose of lutein and zeaxanthin.

Avocado
Avocados are known for their high levels of heart-healthy monounsaturated fats (1/2 an avocado contains 8 grams . But here’s an insider tip: Foods that are high in unsaturated fats are usually high in antioxidants too. Mother Nature puts the antioxidants there to prevent the fats from oxidizing. Avocados are no exception, as they contain a group of antioxidants called polyphenols.

For a double dose of antioxidants, enjoy your guacamole with salsa. Research shows this combination leads to a greater absorption of carotenoids (vitamin A-like antioxidants from the tomatoes in salsa.

Broccoli
I’m sure you’ve heard of the anti-cancer effects of broccoli. The driving force behind broccoli's anti-cancer mechanisms comes from a group of antioxidants called isothiocyanates. Broccoli contains two of the most potent isothiocyanates - sulforaphane and erucin. Broccoli is also low calorie (30 calories per cup and fibrous (2.5 grams per cup , which makes it a filling weight loss food.

Here is a simple broccoli salad recipe that you can easily make in bulk and eat throughout the week.

Artichoke Hearts
Another unlikely antioxidant powerhouse, artichokes contain antioxidants that might help prevent cancer. Research published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that artichokes scored higher than raspberries, strawberries, and cherries in total antioxidant capacity per serving. One cup of cooked artichoke hearts delivers 7 grams of fiber for less than 50 calories.

Antioxidants are one of the most popular nutrition buzzwords. And for good reasons: They fight signs of aging, inflammation, and they can even help with weight loss. But when it comes to antioxidants, certain foods—blueberries, pomegranates, and spices like cinnamon and turmeric—get all the glory.

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24.02.2012 20:26:27

Preface: Many Americans – including influential economists and  talking heads - assume that war is good for the economy. Many congressmen assume that cutting pork-barrel military spending would hurt their constituents’ jobs.  As demonstrated below, it isn’t true.

Nobel-prize winning economist Joseph Stiglitz says that war is bad for the economy:

Stiglitz wrote in 2003:

War is widely thought to be linked to economic good times. The second world war is often said to have brought the world out of depression, and war has since enhanced its reputation as a spur to economic growth. Some even suggest that capitalism needs wars, that without them, recession would always lurk on the horizon.

 

Today, we know that this is nonsense. The 1990s boom showed that peace is economically far better than war. The Gulf war of 1991 demonstrated that wars can actually be bad for an economy.

Stiglitz has also said that this decade’s Iraq war has been very bad for the economy. See this, this and this.

Former Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan also said in that war is bad for the economy.

In 1991, Greenspan said that a prolonged conflict in the Middle East would hurt the economy.

And he made this point again in 1999:

Societies need to buy as much military insurance as they need, but to spend more than that is to squander money that could go toward improving the productivity of the economy as a whole: with more efficient transportation systems, a better educated citizenry, and so on.

 

This is the point that retiring Rep. Barney Frank (D-Mass. learned back in 1999 in a House Banking Committee hearing with then-Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan. Frank asked what factors were producing our then-strong economic performance. On Greenspan’s list: “The freeing up of resources previously employed to produce military products that was brought about by the end of the Cold War.” Are you saying, Frank asked, “that dollar for dollar, military products are there as insurance … and to the extent you could put those dollars into other areas, maybe education and job trainings, maybe into transportation … that is going to have a good economic effect?” Greenspan agreed.

And economist Dean Baker notes:

It is often believed that wars and military spending increases are good for the economy. In fact, most economic models show that military spending diverts resources from productive uses, such as consumption and investment, and ultimately slows economic growth and reduces employment.

War Spending Diverts Stimulus Away from the Real Civilian Economy

The New Republic noted in 2009:

Conservative Harvard economist Robert Barro has argued that increased military spending during WWII actually depressed other parts of the economy.

(New Republic also points out that conservative economist Robert Higgs and liberal economists Larry Summers and Brad Delong have all shown that any stimulation to the economy from World War II has been greatly exaggerated.

How could war actually hurt the economy, when so many say that it stimulates the economy?

Because of what eonomists call the “broken window fallacy”.

Specifically, if a window in a store is broken, it means that the window-maker gets paid to make a new window, and he, in turn, has money to pay others.  However, economists long ago showed that – if the window hadn’t been broken – the shop-owner would have spent that money on other things, such as food, clothing, health care, consumer electronics or recreation, which would have helped the economy as much or more.  If the shop-owner hadn’t had to replace his window, he might have taken his family out to dinner, which would have circulated more money to the restaurant, and from there to other sectors of the economy.   Similarly, the money spent on the war effort is money that cannot be spent on other sectors of the economy.

Indeed, all of the military spending has just created military jobs, at the expense of the civilian economy.

I noted in 2010:

You know about America’s unemployment problem. You may have even heard that the U.S. may very well have suffered a permanent destruction of jobs.

 

But did you know that the defense employment sector is booming?

 

As I pointed out in August, public sector spending – and mainly defense spending – has accounted for virtually all of the new job creation in the past 10 years:

The U.S. has largely been financing job creation for ten years. Specifically, as the chief economist for BusinessWeek, Michael Mandel, points out, public spending has accounted for virtually all new job creation in the past 1o years:

Private sector job growth was almost non-existent over the past ten years. Take a look at this horrifying chart:

 

longjobs1 Proof that War Is Bad for the Economy

 

Between May 1999 and May 2009, employment in the private sector sector only rose by 1.1%, by far the lowest 10-year increase in the post-depression period.

 

It’s impossible to overstate how bad this is. Basically speaking, the private sector job machine has almost completely stalled over the past ten years. Take a look at this chart:

 

longjobs2 Proof that War Is Bad for the Economy

 

Over the past 10 years, the private sector has generated roughly 1.1 million additional jobs, or about 100K per year. The public sector created about 2.4 million jobs.

 

But even that gives the private sector too much credit. Remember that the private sector includes health care, social assistance, and education, all areas which receive a lot of government support.

***

 

Most of the industries which had positive job growth over the past ten years were in the HealthEdGov sector. In fact, financial job growth was nearly nonexistent once we take out the health insurers.

 

Let me finish with a final chart.

 

longjobs4 Proof that War Is Bad for the Economy

 

Without a decade of growing government support from rising health and education spending and soaring budget deficits, the labor market would have been flat on its back. [120]

Raw Story argues that the U.S. is building a largely military economy:

The use of the military-industrial complex as a quick, if dubious, way of jump-starting the economy is nothing new, but what is amazing is the divergence between the military economy and the civilian economy, as shown by this New York Times chart.

 

In the past nine years, non-industrial production in the US has declined by some 19 percent. It took about four years for manufacturing to return to levels seen before the 2001 recession — and all those gains were wiped out in the current recession.

 

By contrast, military manufacturing is now 123 percent greater than it was in 2000 — it has more than doubled while the rest of the manufacturing sector has been shrinking…

 

It’s important to note the trajectory — the military economy is nearly three times as large, proportionally to the rest of the economy, as it was at the beginning of the Bush administration. And it is the only manufacturing sector showing any growth. Extrapolate that trend, and what do you get?

 

The change in leadership in Washington does not appear to be abating that trend…[121]

So most of the job creation has been by the public sector. But because the job creation has been financed with loans from China and private banks, trillions in unnecessary interest charges have been incurred by the U.S.

And this shows military versus non-military durable goods shipments:

us collapse 18 11 Proof that War Is Bad for the Economy

 

[Click here to view full image.]

 

So we’re running up our debt (which will eventually decrease economic growth , but the only jobs we’re creating are military and other public sector jobs.

 

PhD economist Dean Baker points out that America’s massive military spending on unnecessary and unpopular wars lowers economic growth and increases unemployment:

Defense spending means that the government is pulling away resources from the uses determined by the market and instead using them to buy weapons and supplies and to pay for soldiers and other military personnel. In standard economic models, defense spending is a direct drain on the economy, reducing efficiency, slowing growth and costing jobs.

A few years ago, the Center for Economic and Policy Research commissioned Global Insight, one of the leading economic modeling firms, to project the impact of a sustained increase in defense spending equal to 1.0 percentage point of GDP. This was roughly equal to the cost of the Iraq War.

 

Global Insight’s model projected that after 20 years the economy would be about 0.6 percentage points smaller as a result of the additional defense spending. Slower growth would imply a loss of almost 700,000 jobs compared to a situation in which defense spending had not been increased. Construction and manufacturing were especially big job losers in the projections, losing 210,000 and 90,000 jobs, respectively.

 

The scenario we asked Global Insight [recognized as the most consistently accurate forecasting company in the world] to model turned out to have vastly underestimated the increase in defense spending associated with current policy. In the most recent quarter, defense spending was equal to 5.6 percent of GDP. By comparison, before the September 11th attacks, the Congressional Budget Office projected that defense spending in 2009 would be equal to just 2.4 percent of GDP. Our post-September 11th build-up was equal to 3.2 percentage points of GDP compared to the pre-attack baseline. This means that the Global Insight projections of job loss are far too low…

 

The projected job loss from this increase in defense spending would be close to 2 million. In other words, the standard economic models that project job loss from efforts to stem global warming also project that the increase in defense spending since 2000 will cost the economy close to 2 million jobs in the long run.

  The Political Economy Research Institute at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst has also shown that  non-military spending creates more jobs than military spending.

 

So we’re running up our debt – which will eventually decrease economic growth – and creating many fewer jobs than if we spent the money on non-military purposes.

High Military Spending Drains Innovation and Manufacturing Strength from the Civilian Economy

Chalmers Johnson notes that high military spending diverts innovation and manufacturing capacity from the economy:

By the 1960s it was becoming apparent that turning over the nation’s largest manufacturing enterprises to the Department of Defense and producing goods without any investment or consumption value was starting to crowd out civilian economic activities. The historian Thomas E Woods Jr observes that, during the 1950s and 1960s, between one-third and two-thirds of all US research talent was siphoned off into the military sector. It is, of course, impossible to know what innovations never appeared as a result of this diversion of resources and brainpower into the service of the military, but it was during the 1960s that we first began to notice Japan was outpacing us in the design and quality of a range of consumer goods, including household electronics and automobiles.

 

***

 

Woods writes: “According to the US Department of Defense, during the four decades from 1947 through 1987 it used (in 1982 dollars $7.62 trillion in capital resources. In 1985, the Department of Commerce estimated the value of the nation’s plant and equipment, and infrastructure, at just over _$7.29 trillion… The amount spent over that period could have doubled the American capital stock or modernized and replaced its existing stock”.

 

The fact that we did not modernise or replace our capital assets is one of the main reasons why, by the turn of the 21st century, our manufacturing base had all but evaporated. Machine tools, an industry on which Melman was an authority, are a particularly important symptom. In November 1968, a five-year inventory disclosed “that 64% of the metalworking machine tools used in US industry were 10 years old or older. The age of this industrial equipment (drills, lathes, etc. marks the United States’ machine tool stock as the oldest among all major industrial nations, and it marks the continuation of a deterioration process that began with the end of the second world war. This deterioration at the base of the industrial system certifies to the continuous debilitating and depleting effect that the military use of capital and research and development talent has had on American industry.”

Military Leaders Say Endless War Is Bad For the Economy

I noted in 2010:

All of the spending on unnecessary wars adds up.

 

The U.S. is adding trillions to its debt burden to finance its multiple wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, etc.

 

Two top American economists – Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff – show that the more indebted a country is, with a government debt/GDP ratio of 0.9, and external debt/GDP of 0.6 being critical thresholds, the more GDP growth drops materially.

 

Specifically, Reinhart and Rogoff write:

The relationship between government debt and real GDP growth is weak for debt/GDP ratios below a threshold of 90 percent of GDP. Above 90 percent, median growth rates fall by one percent, and average growth falls considerably more. We find that the threshold for public debt is similar in advanced and emerging economies…

I also wrote in 2010:

It is ironic that America’s huge military spending is what made us an empire … but our huge military is what is bankrupting us … thus destroying our status as an empire.

As economist Michel Chossudovsky told me:

War always causes recession. Well, if it is a very short war, then it may stimulate the economy in the short-run. But if there is not a quick victory and it drags on, then wars always put the nation waging war into a recession and hurt its economy.

(and remember Greenspan’s comment.

But it’s not just civilians saying this.  The former head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff – Admiral Mullen – agrees:

The Pentagon needs to cut back on spending.

“We’re going to have to do that if it’s going to survive at all,” Mullen said, “and do it in a way that is predictable.”

Indeed, Mullen said:

For industry and adequate defense funding to survive … the two must work together. Otherwise, he added, “this wave of debt” will carry over from year to year, and eventually, the defense budget will be cut just to facilitate the debt.

Former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates agrees as well. As David Ignatius wrote in the Washington Post in 2010:

After a decade of war and financial crisis, America has run up debts that pose a national security problem, not just an economic one.

 

***

 

One of the strongest voices arguing for fiscal responsibility as a national security issue has been Defense Secretary Bob Gates. He gave a landmark speech in Kansas on May 8, invoking President Dwight Eisenhower’s warnings about the dangers of an imbalanced military-industrial state.

 

“Eisenhower was wary of seeing his beloved republic turn into a muscle-bound, garrison state — militarily strong, but economically stagnant and strategically insolvent,” Gates said. He warned that America was in a “parlous fiscal condition” and that the “gusher” of military spending that followed Sept. 11, 2001, must be capped. “We can’t have a strong military if we have a weak economy,” Gates told reporters who covered the Kansas speech.

 

On Thursday the defense secretary reiterated his pitch that Congress must stop shoveling money at the military, telling Pentagon reporters: “The defense budget process should no longer be characterized by ‘business as usual’ within this building — or outside of it.”

While some might want to start another war, America’s top military leaders and economists say that would be a very bad idea.

Indeed, military strategists have known for 2,500 years that prolonged wars are disastrous for the nation.

War Causes Inflation … Which Hurts Consumers

As I noted in 2010, war always causes inflation … which hurts consumers:

Liberal economist James Galbraith wrote in 2004:

Inflation applies the law of the jungle to war finance. Prices and profits rise, wages and their purchasing power fall. Thugs, profiteers and the well connected get rich. Working people and the poor make out as they can. Savings erode, through the unseen mechanism of the “inflation tax” — meaning that the government runs a big deficit in nominal terms, but a smaller one when inflation is factored in.

 

***

 

There is profiteering. Firms with monopoly power usually keep some in reserve. In wartime, if the climate is permissive, they bring it out and use it. Gas prices can go up when refining capacity becomes short — due partly to too many mergers. More generally, when sales to consumers are slow, businesses ought to cut prices — but many of them don’t. Instead, they raise prices to meet their income targets and hope that the market won’t collapse. ***

Libertarian Congressman Ron Paul agreed in 2007:

Congress and the Federal Reserve Bank have a cozy, unspoken arrangement that makes war easier to finance. Congress has an insatiable appetite for new spending, but raising taxes is politically unpopular. The Federal Reserve, however, is happy to accommodate deficit spending by creating new money through the Treasury Department. In exchange, Congress leaves the Fed alone to operate free of pesky oversight and free of political scrutiny. Monetary policy is utterly ignored in Washington, even though the Federal Reserve system is a creation of Congress.

 

The result of this arrangement is inflation. And inflation finances war. ***

Blanchard Economic Research pointed out in 2001:

War has a profound effect on the economy, our government and its fiscal and monetary policies. These effects have consistently led to high inflation.

 

***

 

David Hackett Fischer is a Professor of History and Economic History at Brandeis. [H]is book, The Great Wave, Price Revolutions and the Rhythm of History … finds that … periods of high inflation are caused by, and cause, a breakdown in order and a loss of faith in political institutions. He also finds that war is a triggering influence on inflation, political disorder, social conflict and economic disruption.

 

***

 

Other economists agree with Professor Fischer’s link between inflation and war.

 

James Grant, the respected editor of Grant’s Interest Rate Observer, supplies us with the most timely perspective on the effect of war on inflation in the September 14 issue of his newsletter:

“War is inflationary. It is always wasteful no matter how just the cause. It is cost without income, destruction financed (more often than not by credit creation. It is the essence of inflation.” ***

Libertarian economics writer Lew Rockwell noted in 2008:

You can line up 100 professional war historians and political scientists to talk about the 20th century, and not one is likely to mention the role of the Fed in funding US militarism. And yet it is true: the Fed is the institution that has created the money to fund the wars. In this role, it has solved a major problem that the state has confronted for all of human history. A state without money or a state that must tax its citizens to raise money for its wars is necessarily limited in its imperial ambitions. Keep in mind that this is only a problem for the state. It is not a problem for the people. The inability of the state to fund its unlimited ambitions is worth more for the people than every kind of legal check and balance. It is more valuable than all the constitutions every devised.v***

 

Reflecting on the calamity of this war, Ludwig von Mises wrote in 1919

One can say without exaggeration that inflation is an indispensable means of militarism. Without it, the repercussions of war on welfare become obvious much more quickly and penetratingly; war weariness would set in much earlier. ***

In the entire run-up to war, George Bush just assumed as a matter of policy that it was his decision alone whether to invade Iraq. The objections by Ron Paul and some other members of Congress and vast numbers of the American population were reduced to little more than white noise in the background. Imagine if he had to raise the money for the war through taxes. It never would have happened. But he didn’t have to. He knew the money would be there. So despite a $200 billion deficit, a $9 trillion debt, $5 trillion in outstanding debt instruments held by the public, a federal budget of $3 trillion, and falling tax receipts in 2001, Bush contemplated a war that has cost $525 billion dollars — or $4,681 per household. Imagine if he had gone to the American people to request that. What would have happened? I think we know the answer to that question. And those are government figures; the actual cost of this war will be far higher — perhaps $20,000 per household.***

 

If the state has the power and is asked to choose between doing good and waging war, what will it choose? Certainly in the American context, the choice has always been for war.

And progressive economics writer Chris Martenson explains as part of his “Crash Course” on economics:

If we look at the entire sweep of history, we can make an utterly obvious claim: All wars are inflationary. Period. No exceptions.

 

***

 

So if anybody tries to tell you that you haven’t sacrificed for the war, let them know you sacrificed a large portion of your savings and your paycheck to the effort, thank you very much. ***

The bottom line is that war always causes inflation, at least when it is funded through money-printing instead of a pay-as-you-go system of taxes and/or bonds. It might be great for a handful of defense contractors, but war is bad for Main Street, stealing wealth from people by making their dollars worth less.

War Increases Terrorism … And Terrorism Hurts the Economy

Security experts – conservative hawks and liberal doves alike – agree that waging war in the Middle East weakens national security and increases terrorism. See this, this, this, this, this, this and this.

Terrorism – in turn – terrorism is bad for the economy. Specifically, a study by Harvard and the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER points out:

From an economic standpoint, terrorism has been described to have four main effects (see, e.g., US Congress, Joint Economic Committee, 2002 . First, the capital stock (human and physical of a country is reduced as a result of terrorist attacks. Second, the terrorist threat induces higher levels of uncertainty. Third, terrorism promotes increases in counter-terrorism expenditures, drawing resources from productive sectors for use in security. Fourth, terrorism is known to affect negatively specific industries such as tourism.

The Harvard/NBER concludes:

In accordance with the predictions of the model, higher levels of terrorist risks are associated with lower levels of net foreign direct investment positions, even after controlling for other types of country risks. On average, a standard deviation increase in the terrorist risk is associated with a fall in the net foreign direct investment position of about 5 percent of GDP.

So the more unnecessary wars American launches and the more innocent civilians we kill, the less foreign investment in America, the more destruction to our capital stock, the higher the level of uncertainty, the more counter-terrorism expenditures and the less expenditures in more productive sectors, and the greater the hit to tourism and some other industries.

Moreover:

Terrorism has contributed to a decline in the global economy (for example, European Commission, 2001 .

So military adventurism increases terrorism which hurts the world economy. And see this.

 

The Proof Is In the Pudding

I noted last year:

This is a no-brainer, if you think about it.

 

We’ve been in Afghanistan for almost twice as long as World War II. We’ve been in Iraq for years longer than WWII. We’ve been involved in 7 or 8 wars in the last decade. And yet still in a depression. (And see this .

 

If wars really helped the economy, don’t you think things would have improved by now?

 

Indeed, the Iraq war alone could end up costing more than World War II. And given the other wars we’ve been involved in this decade, I believe that the total price tag for the so-called “War on Terror” will definitely support that of the “Greatest War”.

Postscript on Iran:  Well-known economist Nouriel Roubini says that attacking Iran would lead to global recession. The IMF says that Iran cutting off oil supplies could raise crude prices 30%.



http://www.zerohedge.com/contributed/proof-war-bad-economy#comments






NHS Choices
22.02.2012 20:50:00

“Heart attack symptoms differ in women,” BBC News has today reported. The broadcaster says that women having a heart attack are less likely to experience chest pain, compared with men.

A heart attack can cause a range of different symptoms, from crushing chest pains to tingling in the limbs, and feelings of breathlessness or nausea. Given the variations in possible symptoms, US researchers set out to examine just how common chest pain and discomfort is for each gender, and whether it indicate an increased risk that a patient might die. To do so, they examined records on more than 1 million US men and women who suffered from a heart attack between 1994 and 2006. The researchers looked for links between gender, symptoms and death rates.

Overall, 42% of men with a heart attack reported chest pain, compared with 30.7% of women. Further calculations revealed that the younger a woman was, the higher the chance she would not experience chest pain.

The results from this large pool of subjects helps demonstrate that although we perceive chest pain to be the key symptom of a heart attack, it isn't always present. People may also experience any combination of symptoms without any pain at all, such as shortness of breath, sweating and nausea. Although the study suggests that a heart attack without any pain (in the chest, arm, neck or jaw may be slightly more common in women than men, raising awareness of the different possible signs of a heart attack is important for both sexes, so that when a heart attack is suspected people can receive emergency medical assistance as quickly as possible.

 

Where did the story come from?

The study was carried out by researchers from Watson Clinic and Lakeland Regional Medical Center, Lakeland, Florida and various other academic and health institutions in the US. It was funded by Genentech, a company specialising in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. The study was published in the peer-reviewed Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA .

 

What kind of research was this?

This was a cohort study that aimed to examine whether there is any difference between the heart attack symptoms experienced by men and women. The researchers conducting the study also looked at whether the relationship with gender is influenced by age, and whether there is any association between these factors and the risk of death while in hospital following a heart attack.

This sort of study can tell us how common it is (the prevalence for men and women to experience a heart attack (known medically as a “myocardial infarction” with or without chest pain symptoms. The research drew its subjects from a large, nationwide registry of heart attack patients called the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. This would be a valuable source to use in a prevalence study, as its size and widespread use mean we can be fairly sure that the people within this study would be representative of all those who experience a heart attack. However, it can tell us little more than prevalence figures. For example, it can’t tell us the reasons for differences in symptoms between men and women.

 

What did the research involve?

The National Registry of Myocardial Infarction is reported to be the largest registry of its kind in the world, featuring records on more than 2 million patients with a heart attack admitted to 1,977 participating hospitals between 1994 and 2006. A diagnosis of a heart attack was based on clinician assessment and supporting information from investigations (such as heart attack markers on blood tests, electrocardiogram [ECG] evidence and autopsy findings . The researchers’ analysis excluded records from patients who were transferred to other hospitals, and patients who did not have complete records on gender, age or symptoms at the time they were first given medical attention. This left just over 1 million patients in their study, 42.1% of whom were women.

The researchers say that the only symptom recorded in the registry was the presence or absence of chest pain or discomfort. This pain could include:

  • any symptom of chest discomfort, sensation of pressure, or tightness
  • pain in the arms, neck or jaw

The symptom was classed as present or absent before admission, during admission or at both times. People who were classed as having chest pain may or may not also have experienced additional symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, heart palpitations, faintness or collapse. People who experienced any of these symptoms but without pain were simply classed in the "no pain" group and no further recording was made of the individual symptoms these people actually experienced. Therefore, the study can only tell us how many people experienced "pain" or "no pain"; it can’t tell us what the people without pain experienced instead (for example, how many were admitted with breathing difficulties, or following a collapse .

Statistical analyses were used to look at the presence or absence of chest pain or discomfort in relation to gender and age, with participants principally grouped according to whether they were older or younger than 65. The analyses were adjusted for the patients’ existing characteristics, such as their cardiovascular risk factors and their cardiac and general medical histories.

 

What were the basic results?

Women experiencing a heart attack were, on average, significantly older than men (73.9 years old compared with 66.5 years old . More men than women presented with the symptom of chest pain or discomfort (42.0% vs. 30.7% .

Further statistical analyses revealed that the younger a woman was, the slightly higher the odds that her heart attack would have presented without pain:

  • A woman aged under 45 was 30% more likely than a man of the same age to experience a heart attack without chest pain (OR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.36 .
  • A woman aged 45 to 54 was 26% more likely (OR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.30 .
  • A woman aged 55 to 64 was 24% more likely (OR 1.24, 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.27 .
  • A woman aged 65 to 74 was 13% more likely (OR 1.13, 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.15 .
  • A woman of 75 or older was only 3% more likely than a man of the same age to experience a heart attack without pain (OR 1.03, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04 .

The researchers found that 14.6% of women and 10.3% of men died in hospital following their heart attack. Overall, there was a significant relationship between gender, symptoms, age and risk of death (mortality . When looking at trends in mortality by age-group, the researchers found that mortality tended to be higher among younger women (aged 54 or younger who presented without chest pain than among men of a similar age who presented without chest pain.

Over the age of 54 the absence of chest pain was no longer associated with a greater risk of death for women compared with men (in other words, men and women without chest pain were at equivalent risk of death , and at the age of 65 and over women who presented without chest pain were actually less likely to die in hospital than men of a similar age and presentation.

 

How did the researchers interpret the results?

The researchers concluded that in the national registry of patients hospitalised with heart attack, women were more likely than men to present without chest pain. They also said that men and women differ in how frequently they present without chest pain, and that the associated differences in heart attack mortality were “attenuated with age”. In other words, older men and women had fewer differences between each other in their presentation and mortality rates.

 

Conclusion

This study gives us an indication of the proportion of men and women who do or don’t experience chest pain or discomfort during a heart attack and whether this could be a potential indicator of a patient being at increased risk of death. That the data was taken from a large population registry of over 1 million people makes it a valuable source of information and we can be fairly confident that it’s representative of the general US population who would present to hospital with a heart attack.

The primary result of this study is that slightly more women than men experience heart attack without pain: 42% compared to 30.7% of men. However, it is not possible to say from this study why patients do or don’t experience chest pain. The researchers say that further studies into this would be necessary.

The study also found a trend for heart attack without pain to be more common among younger women than in younger men, but the difference between the two genders diminished with each increasing age category. Women aged under 45 were 38% more likely than men of the same age to experience a heart attack without symptoms, while women between the ages of 65 and 74 were only 13% more likely to. The researchers noticed a trend for higher mortality among younger women who presented without chest pain compared with younger men who presented without chest pain, but the associations within each age-group were not all large enough to be statistically significant. It's also worth noting that analyses of younger women with heart attacks involved smaller groups of women: around three-quarters of all women in this registry were over 65 when they had their heart attack, and the average age was 73.9. Analyses of smaller numbers of people may be less robust than those of larger numbers.

The results from this large cohort help to raise awareness among the general population that although we perceive chest pain to be the key symptom of a heart attack, this is not always the case. Although chest pain is a characteristic symptom during a heart attack (sometimes described as a heavy, crushing, pressing or squeezing pain , not all patients will experience it.  Some people may feel pain, tingling or discomfort in one or both arms, the throat, jaw or back in addition to pains in the chest; and others may experience pain in only these locations with no pain in the chest. Sometimes the chest pain may only be mild discomfort and it may feel like heartburn. Other common symptoms that may be experienced – either with or without pain – are feeling short of breath, sweaty and clammy, feeling sick, or feeling faint or collapsing. Sometimes a heart attack can happen with no symptoms at all.

Although the study suggests that a heart attack without pain (chest, arm or jaw may be slightly more common in women than men, raising awareness of the different possible symptoms of a heart attack is equally important in both genders, so that emergency medical assistance can be sought as quickly as possible if heart attack is suspected.

Links To The Headlines

Heart attack symptoms 'differ in women'. BBC News, February 22 2012

Women more likely to have deadly 'silent' heart attacks. The Daily Telegraph, February 22 2012

Links To Science

JAMA Press Release: Younger Women Have Symptoms Other Than Chest Pain and An Increased Risk of Dying After Heart Attack. February 21 2012








Admin
23.02.2012 20:43:00

By Lewis Foxhall, MD

 

Every cancer patient wants to successfully complete active treatment .  Thanks to improved treatments and use of cancer screening programs (which can find cancer early, when it's most treatable , this goal is being reached more frequently than ever. 

 

But to get the most out of treatment there is more you can do.  A proactive approach to care for cancer survivors has developed over the last few years. This includes traditional follow up looking for any signs the original cancer has come back.  It also includes active management of any lingering side effects of treatment, testing for new cancers, and addressing psychological and social problems that may develop or persist after treatment.  This approach is intended to give you the greatest benefit from your treatment so you can live longer, and better.

 

Good communication matters

The key to successful care of cancer survivors is effective communication. Communication between you and your health care team, as well as between you and your family and caregivers is critically important to making sure you're getting good, complete care. 

 

A vital part of this communication is a clear understanding about who is responsible for each part of your long-term care. Your treating oncologists are usually quite comfortable with the traditional follow- up tests to see if the cancer has returned, and oncologists are also familiar with various symptoms that may mean the cancer has returned. 

 

However, some surveys show that patients feel their primary care physician may be better at managing cancer screening and prevention as well as mental health issues. The primary care physicians interviewed say they do feel like they can manage follow up for all the needs of stable cancer survivors. 

 

But a lack of communication can occur if oncologists and primary care physicians do not share information about your care, and confusion may develop about who is responsible for the different parts of the your care.

 

Summary of care and care plan

A solution to this problem is the cancer survivor summary of care and the care plan proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM .  This will soon become a required component of every cancer patient's medical record. This document serves several purposes:

 

  • It can be best used as a reminder for you and your clinicians to talk with each other; everyone involved in your care needs to understand the treatments you received and any side effects that need to be managed.
  • It should help you be clear on any future tests that you may need to look for a recurrence of your cancer. These may include CT scans or blood tests, for instance, depending on your specific cancer and situation. You and your care team should discuss the specific tests you need and how often you should have them.
  • Your care plan should also include a schedule for tests to look for new cancers (screening . People who have been successfully treated for some cancers may have a greater chance of having another cancer, so understanding your risk and following screening recommendations is crucial. This is an area where there may be confusion as to who is responsible for keeping track of these tests, so it is particularly important to discuss this with the health care team members.

 

The American Cancer Society has links to some survivorship care plans here.

 

Take care of your emotional health

 

You should also have an open discussion about all mental health needs or other problems you, your family, and your caregivers face that might affect your quality of life. Common problems include stress, depression and anxiety

 

You and your caregivers may find these problems difficult to discuss, but bringing them to the attention of the oncologist or primary care clinician is important to finding a solution. These can often be managed through counseling or medications that are usually well tolerated and effective. 

 

At times, more challenging psychological problems may develop, and you may find it helpful to talk with a psychiatrist or psychologist.  Social workers may be very helpful in addressing  issues such as difficulties returning to work, or financial and insurance problems. 

 

Attend to your overall health, too

 

Getting the most from the difficult treatments you experienced also means taking care of yourself in other ways. Healthy living -- including not using tobacco products, maintaining a healthy weight, getting regular exercise, and eating a healthy diet and limiting alcohol -- can make a big difference. In fact, while study results vary, studies in some cancers show a possible association with reduced recurrence in those patients who live a healthier lifestyle.

 

If you have other medical conditions such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol, these should be treated to reduce your risk of heart disease.  More people die of heart disease than cancer.  Being vaccinated for influenza (flu , pneumonia, and other conditions are also very effective in reducing your risk of these conditions.  Ask you oncologist or primary care clinician which vaccines you should receive and be sure one of your health team members takes responsibility for reminding you about them.

 

As a cancer survivor you have finished treatment, but you can still do a lot to protect yourself and get the most out of the treatment you received.  These actions will also help you maintain the best possible quality of life. 


In short, you should talk with your health care team about a care plan that includes the following:

1. Summary of your cancer treatments

2. Your plan to screen for early signs of relapse or for early detection of other cancers

3. How to talk about and address any emotional or social problems

4. How to maintain a healthy lifestyle and plan for general preventive measures


Dr. Foxhall serves on the Board of Directors for the American Cancer Society and is vice president for health policy and is an associate professor, department of clinical cancer prevention, for the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas.

http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/News/ExpertVoices/post/2012/02/23/The-key-to-good-care-for-cancer-survivors.aspx#comment






NHS Choices
23.02.2012 19:30:00

A study of a new drug for advanced skin cancer has shown it “almost doubles survival times”, BBC News has reported.

The drug, called vemurafenib, was tested in a clinical trial that examined its impact on tumour size and survival in patients with advanced melanoma skin cancer that had spread to other parts of the body. The outlook for this type of cancer is generally poor as it's an aggressive cancer with few treatment options and patients tend to survive for less than a year. Researchers found that approximately half of the patients responded to the drug and that the overall survival rate in these patients was nearly 16 months, on average.

This study provides evidence on the effectiveness of a new drug, vemurafenib, for treating some patients with metastatic melanoma. Because the drug works by targeting a specific genetic mutation, it won’t be suitable for patients who aren’t carrying the mutation, which is found in around half of patients with melanoma that has spread. Additionally, while the drug has been recommended for approval, it hasn't yet been approved for use in Europe; it is unclear at this point if and when it will be available for treatment in the UK, although the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE is said to be currently assessing it.

 

Where did the story come from?

The study was carried out by researchers from Vanderbilt University, the Hoffman-La Roche pharmaceutical company and other institutions throughout the US and Australia. The research was supported by Hoffmann-La Roche, who are the manufacturers of vemurafenib.

The study was published in the peer-reviewed New England Journal of Medicine.

The BBC covered this research appropriately, emphasising the positive results but also highlighting that the drug had yet to be approved in the UK and wouldn’t be suitable for all patients with metastatic melanoma. The broadcaster also reported on some of the limitations of the research methods.

 

What kind of research was this?

This was a phase II clinical trial that examined how effective a drug called vemurafenib was at inducing a clinical response and its impact on overall survival in a set of patients with metastatic melanoma. Malignant melanoma is a relatively rare but aggressive type of skin cancer that can be particularly hard to treat when caught at an advanced stage. All of the patients in the trial carried a specific genetic mutation called the “BRAF V600 mutation”, which leads to the abnormal activation of an enzyme involved in cell growth and death. Previous research indicates that vemurafenib blocks the action of this enzyme.

Phase II trials are designed to assess the effects of new drugs in highly controlled settings. These trials don’t normally employ a group of control patients receiving other forms of treatment, and so generally can’t be used to tell how a new drug compares against standard or existing treatments. These types of control-group comparisons are usually performed in phase III trials. Phase II trials are, however, a key part of the development of new drugs, and are used as a confirmatory step before a drug can be given to wider research populations.

Media coverage of this trial has compared the survival rates of patients receiving vemurafenib with those seen in general patients with metastatic melanoma, rather than patients directly involved in the study. While such comparisons are useful for readers to understand more about the drug, formal scientific comparisons of different treatments have to account for a range of important factors, such as patients’ medical histories or how advanced the cancer is when treatment is started.

 

What did the research involve?

Researchers enrolled 132 patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma (stage IV cancer means it has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or liver . They all carried a form of BRAF V600 genetic mutation. All patients had previously been treated for the disease, and they all received the same dose of the drug vemurafenib twice a day. The patients stopped taking the drug if they experienced unacceptable side effects or if their disease progressed.

The patients underwent tumour imaging (either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI or computed tomography (CT at the beginning of the study and every six weeks thereafter. Researchers used these scans to assess any changes in tumour size and response to the treatment.

Researchers then analysed the data to determine the proportion of patients who responded to treatment.

 

What were the basic results?

The patients were followed up for an average (median of 12.9 months. The researchers found that:

  • Overall, 53% of patients showed some reduction in the size of their tumour measured at the start of the study.
  • Among those that responded, eight patients achieved a complete response (6% of the total study group , and 62 patients (47% achieved a partial response (47% of the total study group .
  • Of the patients who responded to treatment, 23 (33% of responders maintained that response at the end of the study.
  • The median duration of response was 6.7 months (95% CI 5.6 to 8.6 months .
  • Median overall survival was 15.9 months (95% CI 11.6 to 18.3 months , and 62 patients (47% were still alive at the end of the study.
  • The overall survival rate at six months was 77% (95% CI 70% to 85% , at twelve months was 58% (95% CI 49% to 67%, and at eighteen months was 43% (95% CI 33% to 53% .

Most patients experienced at least one side effect due to the study drug. The most commonly reported side effects were joint pain, rash, fatigue, sensitivity to light and hair loss. Four patients (3% stopped taking the drug due to side effects. One patient died due to a rapid progression of the melanoma along with kidney failure; the researchers said this may have been related to taking vemurafenib but this was not certain.

 

How did the researchers interpret the results?

The researchers concluded that vemurafenib effectively targets metastatic melanoma tumours in patients with BRAF V6000 mutations, and that response rates are higher than those seen with other treatments.

 

Conclusion

This study has shown that patients with a specific mutation and advanced metastatic melanoma have a high response rate to a new drug, vemurafenib. Currently, treatment options for people with metastatic melanoma can involve chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immune therapies, but even with treatment the outlook is usually poor once their cancer has spread. Often, people with late-stage disease may be enrolled in clinical trials such as this to try and find more effective treatments.

Researchers say that the long follow-up of their study provides initial evidence on the overall survival of patients receiving this drug, something that phase III studies have so far not been able to demonstrate.

Researchers point out, however, that patients do develop resistance to vemurafenib, and that further research is needed to determine how this occurs.

Previous studies have shown that patients with metastatic melanoma have an average survival rate of 6 to 10 months, as mentioned in some news coverage. However, it is difficult to compare this estimate to survival times seen in the current study, as the patient populations may be different. For example, it’s unclear whether these studies enrolled patients with the same genetic mutation, or how survival may be different between those with and without the mutation.

This study adds to the mounting evidence of the effectiveness of vemurafenib as a treatment of metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation. While this phase II study cannot directly demonstrate effectiveness compared to standard care, an additional phase III study has been conducted that randomised patients to receive vemurafenib or standard therapy. This study was stopped before it was complete, as an interim analysis indicated that vemurafenib significantly improved patients' progression-free survival and six-month survival, compared with standard care. At this point, all of the participants were given the new drug.

All in all, this is very promising research for the treatment of an aggressive cancer for which there are few existing options. At present the drug has been recommended for approval by the European Medicines Agency, and is currently being evaluated by NICE for use in the UK.

Analysis by Bazian

Links To The Headlines

Skin cancer drug hopes raised by study. BBC News, February 23 2012

Links To Science

Sosman JA, Kim KB, M.D., Schuchter L et al. Survival in BRAF V600 Mutant Advanced Melanoma Treated with Vemurafenib. New England Journal of Medicine 2012; 366:707-714









24.02.2012 2:39:21
Gwyneth Paltrow shells out major cash for Blue Ivy Carter's stroller, plus more ways celebs are nothing like us.

By Rebecca Silverstein. Celebrities might as well be a completely different species from us regular folk. Why? Because they lead entirely separate lives. Keep reading and you'll see what we mean.They buy their friends $979 strollers. If Beyonce didn't consider Gwyneth Paltrow her very best friend before, then she definitely does now. Upon the birth of B's daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, Gwyneth bought the singer a luxurious Bugaboo Cameleon stroller, which retails for $979! No doubt little Blue will be riding in style. (Us Weekly

They get $5,000 manicures.. How much did you pay for your last manicure? $7? $10? Well, Rihanna's mani for the Grammys cost $5,000. (Yes, that's a comma, not a decimal point. Why so expensive? Her nails were coated with Red Carpet Manicure's “Amor 24,” a 24-karat gold polish. We seriously hope she didn't chip it. (People

They get Barbies made in their likeness for their first wedding anniversary.. Paper is the traditional gift for a couple's first wedding anniversary, but Prince William and Duchess Kate are opting for plastic. Mattel is fashioning a set of Barbie Collector Edition dolls to commemorate the couple's first year of wedded matrimony. "William and Catherine are like a modern-day Barbie and Ken," a Mattel spokesperson says. And for $100, you can play with them forever and ever. (ABC News

They turn their divorce into a No. 1 hit song.. When you're a celebrity, you can spin anything into gold. Take Katy Perry and her split from Russell Brand. Most of the songs off "Teenage Dream" are all lovey-dovey about Russell, but now that the stars are divorced, Katy's taken to the skewering him with her music. She debuted "Part of Me" at the Grammys in front of 39 million viewers, and it was a hit. The song entered the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 1 (it's only the 20th song in history to do so and sold like hotcakes on iTunes. Who needs a therapist when you have a guitar, a microphone and loyal fans? (Billboard

They land their second book deal before they turn 18.. In October 2010, Justin Bieber released his memoir, First Step 2 Forever: My Story. And less than two years later, he's already amassed enough material to warrant getting another book deal. Coming to bookstores this September? Justin Bieber: Just Getting Started. (We're not sure if that's a threat or a promise. The sure-to-be-best-seller will include photos and details about his world tour, the making of his concert movie, "Never Say Never," and the recording of his upcoming album. The only place we got published at 17 was our parents' refrigerator. Just saying. (Hollywood Reporter

They spend $50,000 on shoes in a month.. Whether you love her style or hate it, you've gotta give Nicki Minaj credit for really going there with her style. But to step out and be that fashion-forward costs money. The singer tells Vogue that she once spent $50,000 on Giuseppe Zanotti, Versace, YSL, and Fendi shoes. "And I bought tons of Vuitton bags," she says. "When you're a young girl from Queens, you're going to stock up on those bags." Ahem, if you've got the cash!(Vogue

They have clothing-optional body-painting parties.. Celebrity parties are not your average soirees. Take Ke$ha's house parties that are all the way out in Tennessee, for example. She throws "clothing-optional" shindigs, during which guests are invited to throw body paint on one another. "We just body-paint each other and run around," she tells Glamour. "I have a giant bed. I'm very much in touch with that side of myself. ... It's not a weird sex orgy thing. You can wear a bathing suit!" Good to know. (OK!

They get a car to work because they can't figure out the subway.. Katharine McPhee wanted to pretend to be a normal person and take the subway to work when she scored her role in "Smash." Really! But then reality set in. "'Smash' has a set in Brooklyn, and on my first day of work, I said, 'I'm going to be a real New Yorker, get there on my own, and not spend $30 on a cab,'" the actress tells Self magazine. "But I went the wrong way on the subway, and when I asked for directions, the person in the booth was mean to me. So I ended up crying and in a cab anyway. Now the show sends a van for me." Yeah, that subway's pretty complicated. The 1.6 billion people who use it every year must be geniuses! (Self

They donate $50,000 to a wounded soldier.. When most people donate money, they throw a few bucks to a general charity. But country singer Dierks Bentley did something different. He gave $50,000 directly to wounded soldier Sgt. Chad Sparks, his wife and their 1-year-old daughter. Sgt. Sparks lost is finger in a freak accident in Afghanistan and had to sell all his family's belongings when he couldn't find work after returning home. How sweet is Dierks? (Z100

They walk the runway when they're five months pregnant.. Models are known for being stick thin, but when you're a celeb, you can get away with anything. And only Alessandra Ambrosio could make pregnancy look this fashionable! The sexy mama, who's the face of Colcci, walked the runway for the line at its show during Sao Paulo Fashion Week. Plus, she did it in stilettos! (People

They donate $75,000 to table tennis programs.. We all have our hobbies. But some people, like rich celebrities, can afford to develop them a little more than others can. Take Susan Sarandon, for instance. She recently donated $75,000 to fund table tennis programs in New York City public schools. Because who needs real sports when you can play pingpong? (Sports Illustrated

Their fathers are OK with them skipping college.. Nowadays, going to college is pretty much a given -- unless you're a Jenner girl. Bruce is cool with his youngest daughters skipping out on the whole higher education thing. "If they want to go to college, certainly I think it's a good idea. But I'm not the advocate of 'You've got to go to college!'" Bruce tells Us Weekly. "[Kendall] will probably have a career by the time she's out of high school. ... I don't know if college is going to be that important for her." Seriously, who cares about getting edumacated anyway? (Us Weekly

They loathe being called a supermodel.. Most people would lie, cheat and steal to be a supermodel. But Naomi Campbell doesn't really care for the label. "I would never call myself that," she tells Harper's Bazaar. "I don't have any superhuman powers." Except for her insane beauty and acute phone-throwing skills. (New York Daily News







NHS Choices
22.02.2012 21:00:00

Can some children simply “grow out” of autism? The Daily Mail certainly thinks so, and today reported that new research by a “prestigious American university” claims that “not only is this possible, it’s also common.”

The Mail’s claim is misleading and may offer a false impression to the parents of children with autism. It centres on a piece of research which looked at a completely different aspect of autism. The study assessed how the presence of other developmental conditions related to the diagnosis of autism. To do this, researchers looked at parent survey data relating to children with a current diagnosis of autism and children who had previously been diagnosed but no longer met criteria for diagnosis. It generally found that children with a current diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD were more likely to also have certain other conditions than those who no longer met the diagnostic criteria.

Diagnosing ASD is challenging, especially since the condition is often accompanied by other developmental disorders. Specialists also recognise that children who once met diagnostic criteria for an ASD may no longer do so at a later point, possibly because of care and management or because of an initial misdiagnosis. However, this study only suggests that conditions which occur at the same time may complicate the diagnosis of ASD, and does not support the claim that many children will simply “grow out of it”.

 

Where did the story come from?

The study was carried out by researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland, and Massachusetts General Hospital for Children. There is no information about external funding. The study was published in the peer-reviewed medical journal Pediatrics.

The Daily Mail’s report misleadingly linked the study with the case of a boy who was diagnosed with severe autism at the age of three but who, according to the paper, had undergone a “transformation by the age of nine”. While the article described improvements in the boy’s symptoms, it did not reveal whether the child has a current diagnosis of autism.

The newspaper said that, according to the study, this type of transformation is “far from unique”, and that 453 of the 1,366 sets of parents questioned during the study said their children had “grown out of” a previous diagnosis of ASD. It also quoted one of the study’s authors as saying “there’s a lot of moldability of the developing brain.”

Despite suggestions otherwise, the study did not look at whether children grow out of the condition. Instead, it looked at how common other developmental and psychological problems are among children with an ongoing diagnosis of ASD. It then compared these children with autism to children who reportedly had one of these developmental or psychological conditions in the past but who were no longer considered to have one.

The Mail did report the opinion of independent experts at the end of its story.

 

What kind of research was this?

The authors say previous studies have shown that children with ASDs have higher rates of co-occurring developmental and psychiatric conditions, compared with children who show typical development. For children diagnosed with ASD, different co-occurring conditions are found in different age groups. For example, children and adolescents with an ASD have shown higher rates of learning disability, while adolescents and adults with ASD are frequently diagnosed with co-occurring depression.

The authors also point out that the stability of a diagnosis of ASD can vary over time. The 2007 US National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH showed that 40% of children aged 3–17 who had been diagnosed with ASD at any point were no longer considered to have a diagnosis when their parents later completed a survey on their symptoms.

Differentiating between autistic spectrum disorders and other co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders (such as ADHD and learning disabilities and psychiatric conditions can be challenging for doctors. This can lead to confusion with diagnoses, which can delay appropriate diagnosis and lead to missed opportunities for effective interventions, say the authors.

Their cross-sectional study examined the cases of 1,366 children whose parents reported an ASD diagnosis when they completed the 2007 NSCH. This group included children with a current diagnosis and children who had a diagnosis in the past but did not currently have one. The researchers investigated the extent to which commonly co-occurring developmental, psychiatric and behavioural conditions differentiate children with a current ASD diagnosis from children who no longer met the criteria for diagnosis.

 

What did the research involve?

The authors obtained cross-sectional data on 1,366 children who had a parent-reported diagnosis of ASD (current, or past but not current from a US national survey of children, the NSCH. The data were collected from parents by phone interview between 2007 and 2008. Households with at least one child between the ages of 0 and 17 were eligible to participate. The survey included questions about the child’s physical and mental health and any medical diagnoses. The 2007 data comprised 91,642 completed surveys.

For this study, researchers focussed on parents’ responses to questions about whether they had ever been told by a doctor or other healthcare provider that their child had a form of ASD and whether the diagnosis was current. They then created two study groups based on their responses: parents who reported a current ASD diagnosis and those who reported a past diagnosis.

For the purposes of their analyses, they then spilt the children into three developmental stages: young children (3-5 years , children (6-11 years and adolescents (12-17 years .

The final data set used in the study included details of 1,366 children:

  • 154 young children, 373 children and 386 adolescents were reported to have a current ASD diagnosis
  • 53 young children, 189 children and 211 adolescents were reported as having a former ASD diagnosis

Those who reported a past diagnosis made up 33.2% of the study sample.

The researchers looked at whether children in the two groups were also reported as having co-occurring conditions, including ADHD, learning disability, developmental delay, speech problems, hearing problems, anxiety, depression, behavioural problems and seizures/epilepsy. They divided responses into the following categories: a past diagnosis, current mild diagnosis, current moderate or severe diagnosis, and never diagnosed.

They analysed the data using standard statistical methods and took account of factors such as sex, race, education, income and whether the child had a current “individualised education plan” (IEP .

 

What were the basic results?

The researchers found that, after they adjusted for sociodemographic factors, children whose parents reported a current diagnosis of ASD were more likely to have co-occurring conditions than those who no longer met diagnostic criteria for an ASD (those who had a past diagnosis .

  • Young children with a current ASD diagnosis were 11 times more likely to have current moderate/severe learning disability, and over 9 times more likely to have current moderate/severe developmental delay than those with a past diagnosis.
  • Children with a current ASD diagnosis were 3.85 times more likely to have past speech problems, and 3.51 times more likely to have current moderate/severe anxiety than those with a past diagnosis (but less likely to have a past hearing problem .
  • Adolescents with a current ASD diagnosis were 3.91 times more likely to have a current moderate/severe speech problem, and 10.48 times more likely to have current mild epilepsy than those with a past diagnosis (but less likely to have a past hearing problem .

 

How did the researchers interpret the results?

According to the researchers, their findings suggest that the presence of co-occurring psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions is associated with a change in ASD diagnosis, although the mechanisms that underlie this change are unclear.

They point out that core features of ASDs, such as communication problems, are often similar to the signs of conditions that commonly occur alongside ASDs. They say it is possible that a child may have been diagnosed with ASD because of the presence of common co-occurring conditions, but may later be reclassified as not having ASD. There may be many reasons for this, including developmental improvements or because a child no longer meets the diagnostic criteria as a result of early interventions to support their development.

 

Conclusion

Contrary to what readers of the Daily Mail’s article might think, this study did not look at whether children “grow out” of autism, nor does it support suggestions that they do. Instead, this research looked at the relationship between diagnoses of autism and the presence of other developmental conditions with similar, and sometimes overlapping, symptoms. Interpretations from this study should be made with care. It cannot tell us how the course of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD may progress over time or whether it is possible to grow out of ASD.

Though the study found some significant associations, and children with a current ASD diagnosis were more likely than children with a past diagnosis to have certain co-occurring conditions, these results need corroboration. While certain associations were significant, the risk figures tended have very wide confidence intervals (a type of measure used in statistical analyses to express the precision of an estimate . For example, the study found that young children with current ASD were nine times more likely to have current moderate or severe developmental delay. However, the confidence intervals around this result suggest that the association was likely to be anywhere between 1.9 and 44.4 times more likely. With such wide confidence intervals, we can have less confidence in the reliability of the calculated association.

Another important limitation of the study is its reliance on parents to self-report their children’s diagnoses through interviews carried out on the phone, which introduces the possibility of error.

Diagnosing an ASD is challenging, especially since the condition is often accompanied by other neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping symptoms. Specialists also recognise that children who once met diagnostic criteria for an ASD may no longer do so at a later point, possibly because of care and management or because they were misdiagnosed initially.

The findings of this study are certainly of interest and indicate that other developmental, behavioural or psychiatric conditions occur among children with ASD. However, the study mainly highlights that the presence of other conditions is likely to make diagnosing ASD complicated, as experts already recognise.

Links To The Headlines

Can some children simply 'grow out' of autism? One mother tells how her son's life has been transformed. Daily Mail, February 22 2012

Links To Science

Close HA, Lee LC, Kaufmann CN, Zimmerman AW. Co-occurring conditions and change in diagnosis in autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, February 1 2012

Pediatrics Digest Summary: Co-occurring conditions and change in diagnosis in autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, February 1 2012









24.02.2012 19:13:16

The EU is proposing a ban on fish discards, but a group of MPs says this is a 'knee-jerk reaction'. Leo Hickman, with your help, investigates. Get in touch below the line, email your views to leo.hickman@guardian.co.uk or tweet @leohickman

9.00am: A report published today by the House of Commons's Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concludes that the European Commission's proposal for an out-right ban beginning in 2014 of "commercial" fish discards - the controversial practice of fishermen being forced to throw overboard any fish not permitted within their quota allowance - is a "knee-jerk reaction" to the problem. It argues:

We strongly support the Commission's desire to minimise discarding rates. However, we are concerned that by deciding to implement a ban so swiftly and with so little scope for stakeholder engagement, the Commission risks creating a scheme that will be unworkable and will be flouted, or worse, will merely shift unwanted fish in the sea to unwanted fish on land. We suggest it might be advisable to delay the discard ban until 2020 to give time to do the groundwork for its successful implementation. This is not an excuse to ignore the discard problem — effective and proactive measures must be put in place in the mean time to incentivise more selective fishing...The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs should support a rapid shift from counting the fish landed against quotas to counting the fish caught against quotas. This will address the problem of inaccurate reporting of fish mortality due to unrecorded discards in the period before the discard ban is implemented.

Delaying the ban until 2020 is likely to anger campaigners who have fought to see an end to this wasteful practice. For example, FishFight, the campaign against discards set up by the food writer Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, has gathered more than 750,000 signatures of support from across the EU, as well as forcing a debate in the UK parliament. However, the FishFight campaign's position acknowledges ending discards outright is not simple:

Re-writing the Common Fisheries Policy is going to be an enormously complicated business, and unfortunately there is no one easy solution to ending discards. Most people agree that the answer will lie in a combination of different ideas and policies. Experts have offered a number of potential answers. Hugh's fish fight is not trying to dictate the exact solutions politicians should choose – simply to ensure that whatever their choice for 2012, the prevention of discarding should be a top priority.

Attempts to reform the Common Fisheries Policy has long been complicated by a web of vested interests and national politicking. But, over the past year, a consensus among the fishing and food industries and campaigners has emerged indicating that there is widespread agreement that discards need to be phased out. The question now, it seems, is how to phase them out, and how soon.

But what are your own thoughts about the banning of fish discards? Should they be outlawed as fast as possible? Or is a slower, more considered phase-out more wise? For example, the parliamentary committee wants a "more gradual approach built on a sound science base and the local experience of fishermen". And should member states, as some within the EU are calling, be allowed more flexibility to "go it alone" when it comes to fishing quotas?

If quoting figures to support your points, please provide a link to the source. I will also be inviting various interested parties to join the debate, too. And later on today, I will return with my own verdict.

9.27am: I've just received this response from Will Anderson, series producer of the FishFight programmes:

Hugh [Fearnley-Whittingstall] is out at sea, filming the next instalment to the Fish Fight campaigns, so he hasn't yet heard this disappointing news yet. But it shows just how broken the Common Fisheries Policy has become when a committee of MPs come out with a report suggesting that it is a good idea to carry on killing and then throwing away perfectly edible fish at sea.

Fish Fight understands that introducing a blanket ban on discards overnight would not be practical, which is why we were heartened by Commissioner Damanaki's plans to introduce a phased in ban over the next 4 years. Delaying a ban until 2020 means millions more tonnes of fish are going to be pointlessly wasted, a situation we simply cannot afford to allow to continue.

Most fishermen hate discarding fish, and the response to our campaign has proven that the public hate the discarding fish, and yet some politicians seem to be the ones who want this ludicrous situation to continue. It is the politicians' responsibility to find a solution to this mess. Carrying on as we are for longer is not a solution.

Of course, it is a complicated problem. There is no one-size-fits-all solution. But Fish Fight believes that a ban will incentivize everyone concerned into coming up with ways of reducing the amount of unwanted fish which are caught in the first place. This has got to be the ultimate goal, and we can all do our part in helping to achieve this. At the moment 50% of the fish discarded are thrown away because there is no market for it. That is why we have been encouraging the public to become more adventurous fish eaters, and retailers to promote more different kinds of fish. If we can help create a market for these fish, they won't need to be discarded in the first place.

Everyone seems to agree that the Common Fisheries Policy needs a radical reform. We are afraid that this report is going to derail the good work that many people are doing to try to achieve that. In order to change things in Europe, the UK needs to take a bold stance. Delaying any change until 2020 does not feel bold.

9.56am: I've received this statement from the Scottish Fishermen's Federation in reaction to the related news that the EU used its emergency powers yesterday to avoid excessive discarding of haddock in the West of Scotland:

The Scottish Fishermen's Federation has welcomed the move today by the European Commission to use emergency powers to reduce and avoid excessive discarding of haddock in the West of Scotland.
Under the previous "unworkable" catch composition rules, which governed the proportion of the various species that could be landed, fishermen had no option other than to dump large quantities of marketable haddock back into the sea despite having a catch quota for the species.
Now, in a move to bring an end to unnecessary discards and following a long campaign from the Scottish industry, the EC will permit fishermen to land their haddock quota as it is caught by immediately suspending the catch composition rules. This will apply for an initial six-month period (the maximum available under emergency powers , with the expectation that it will be extended thereafter.
Bertie Armstrong, chief executive of the Scottish Fishermen's Federation, said: "We welcome this announcement by Fisheries Commissioner Maria Damanaki. Under the previous ludicrous and totally unworkable catch composition rules fishermen had no option other than to discard large quantities of perfectly good haddock, which was a tragic waste.
"We also welcome the fact that this appears to be a long overdue recognition from the EC, made in a statement by Commissioner Damanaki, that the inherent cause of discarding is down to fundamentally flawed regulations, rather than from the legitimate activities of fishermen."

10.23am: The Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee has posted online all of the written evidence it received when considering its report. It includes submissions from the RSPB, Defra, the Scottish government, the National Federation of Fishermen's Organisations, and the New Economics Foundation.

10.42am: Last July, the European Commission published its Impact Assessment of Discard Reducing Policies (pdf . It contains a huge trove of data, but includes an overview of the problem:

It is important to distinguish between by-catch and discards. By-catch is the unintended catch of organisms during fishing. It also refers to the catch of juveniles or undersize fish of the species targeted. By-catch can still hold economic value and may be kept on board to sell as a by-product. However, discards is a term specifically used for catch which is not kept but is thrown back, often dead, in to the sea. This may be either unwanted by-catch or target fish. It may occur for a number of reasons, including the perceived poor quality and lack of value of fish compared to others (high grading , or because landing or retention is prohibited by regulation. Globally, discarding is estimated to be 8% (6.8 million t of the total volume of fish caught annually (Kelleher 2005 . Kelleher (2005 also noted that 1.3 million tonnes of this discarding occurs in FAO area 27 which includes much of the EU's EEZ. The level of uncertainty over total catches that arises from discarding can hamper efforts to accurately assess current stock levels. In an economic and social sense discarding is wasteful of the energy and cost used to catch the fish. It also represents a waste of wealth and resources, given the importance of fish as a source of protein.
Discarding in EU fisheries:
Discarding occurs in EU fisheries sometimes at high levels, such as: 30-60% for the finfish fishery off the Iberian Peninsula (MRAG, 2007 ; 50% of the catch in North Sea beam trawl fleets (MRAG, 2007 ; between 20-98% in the North Sea nephrops trawl fleet (Enever et al, 2009 ; and 40% of most species through bottom-trawling in North east Atlantic fisheries (STECF, 2006 . High levels of discarding are often associated with trawl fisheries. However, given the influence of regulation and perverse market incentives, discarding at high levels can occur in fisheries targeted by any gear type. For example, the longline fishery for swordfish and albacore tuna in the Adriatic can reach discard levels of 50%.
Discarding does not only occur due to poor gear selectivity and the capture of unwanted fish. Undersize fish may be discarded due to the minimum landing size regulations, overquota fish can be discarded in a multi-species fishery due to quota exhaustion of one species. Both these issues are reported to be present in EU fisheries, although for those that are not managed by quota the biggest problem is minimum landing size discards. Finally, despite the high-grading ban for the North Sea implemented from 2008, there are still suggestions of high-grading occurring. Given that this form of discarding is purely the fisher's decision and not regulation-driven – to the contrary, it is illegal to do so – the persistence of illegal highgrading suggests a lack of incentives to voluntary comply and/or a lack of suitable monitoring and control.

10.46am: This just in from the Marine Conservation Society:

A discard ban may be seen as an extreme and heavy handed measure, however, considering the current state of the European fishing industry it is a necessary one. A ban would allow more accurate data collection and should ensure a reduction in wasted edible fish. However, it is essential that we address the root of the problem, not just the symptoms and stop these unwanted fish being caught in the first place. Thus a ban on discards should only be put into place with accompanying measures (such as measures to increase selectivity of fishing gear to minimise the catch of these discarded fish.
The Commission's latest proposal doesn't detail enough technical advice on how the fishing industry should introduce more sustainable practices. The weight of the problem must not be left to fall solely on the shoulders of fishermen, but on the EU policy which enforces it in the first place. A weakened proposal from the UK government is, therefore, unlikely to provide us with changes on the water. We would encourage programme's such as the Scottish Conservation Credits scheme and selective gear trials, and would also like to see those individuals who are actively increasing the sustainability of their gear being encouraged and positively rewarded.
We at the Marine Conservation Society believe that the story is not as simple as "discard ban" or "no discard ban", and insist that a discard ban has to come with measures to reduce discards in the first place, or we will simply see problem displacement. The decisions made now will have repercussions for the next decade, and way beyond that, and we cannot afford to get this wrong, for fishermen or for fish.

11.50am: Robert Wilson, a reader via Twitter, points to this study published last year by two researchers - Ben Diamond and Bryce Beukers-Stewart - based at the environment department at the University of York, entitled "Fisheries Discards in the North Sea: Waste of Resources or a Necessary Evil?" (pdf . In its conclusion, it highlights lessons learnt by Norway and Russia:

It has been shown that since its implementation in 1987, the discard ban has received at least partial compliance within the Exclusive Economic Zones of Norway and Russia. Discarding still occurs but at a significantly lower level than in the North Sea (Kelleher, 2005 . Allowing fishermen to land everything does not appear to have increased pressure on the fish stocks. On the contrary, combined with a system of real-time area closures the discard ban appears to have generated an incentive for fishermen to install gear modifications and fish more selectively. This, combined with greater scientific knowledge about the status of the stocks, is likely to have contributed to the relatively fast stock recovery rates experienced in the Northeast Arctic. Initially, the economic cost to the fishing industry was relatively high with fishermen experiencing catches comprised of greater proportions of small fish with lower values and lower CPUE [catch per unit effort]. However, the period for which the fishing sector remained unprofitable lasted for just four years. Today, the Norwegian and Barents Sea fisheries are some of the most prosperous in the world.

12.01am: I have received this statement from GAP2, a European Commission-funded initiative "connecting science stakeholders and policy" on fisheries management:

Whether we ban discards in 2014, phase out discards or keep the current system, no sustainable progress can be made without better data, and the buy-in of both the scientific and fishing communities.
While discard assessments can affect directly affect fishermen's' livelihoods, fishermen are often excluded from the process of crunching the numbers. Even worse, they often feel that the assessments are over-simplified, if not misleading. This attitude is founded on a lack of data; a fact acknowledged by many scientists also.
Estimates of discarded catch are based on averaging numbers gained through a relatively small number of observations. As such, they often fail to reflect geographic and seasonal variations. But while many scientists agree (pdf , the cost of collecting better data has precluded progress.
However, the solution may lie with the fishers themselves. Within GAP2, we're piloting a project in Dutch flatfish fisheries, where fishermen and scientists are trialling "self-sampling".
This involves fishermen taking samples from their own catches, and then passing them on for scientists' assessment. By involving the fishers, many more samples can be taken, giving more insight in spatial and temporal variation. Also because the results are discussed with the sector, whereby fishers' day-to-day knowledge about the fishery (often otherwise ignored can be included. We're right at the beginning of the project, but the crucial part will be ensuring that the data collected is up to the standard required by scientists, and indeed that scientists are happy to use such data.

12.12pm: Aniol Esteban, head of environmental economics at the New Economics Foundation, has sent me this:

As things stand, there is a risk that a discards ban becomes the fishing equivalent of carbon offsetting. A discard ban only makes sense if we've done everything necessary to avoid unwanted catches in the first place by implementing seasonal restrictions and selective gear. If you have some residual unavoidable catch then you might land it, but there's also case to say that residual unwanted catches should remain in the ecosystem.
Our report Money Overboard demonstrates that whilst landing unwanted catch is more beneficial than throwing it overboard; it is even much better to avoid unwanted catch in the first place. The priority must be to avoid unwanted catches in the first place, rather than finding ways to market them. Prevention vs. end-of-pipe solution.
Governments can choose between investing in preventing unwanted catches or in end-of-pipe solutions like transforming discards into fishmeal et al.
A glance at the proposals for the new Common Fisheries Policy (CFP and its new financial instrument (European Maritime and Fisheries Fund , as well as action taken by the UK government, shows more emphasis in turning discards into commodities than in avoiding them in the first place.
A discard ban combined with public funds supporting the conversion of discards into commodities (i.e. fishmeal and support to the aquaculture sector (i,e. more fishmeal demand as suggested in current proposals, has all the ingredients of a recipe for disaster.
Lastly, let's not forget that the problem of discards pales in comparison with the problem of overfishing. Discards are a terrible waste and need to be avoided, but much more is being wasted every year by not keeping our stocks at sustainable levels. Our report Jobs Lost at Sea shows that restoring 43 of 150 European stocks could generate ?2.7bn in additional revenues every year. Restoring fish stocks would make the discards less of a problem.

13.19pm: Some reader reaction from below the line and Twitter...

OldGreen: Even if discards are banned, enforced by CCTV on boats, no-one seems to have addressed the issue of how fishermen will avoid catching out-of-quota species...The Commission has become focussed around a failed vision of soviet-style centralised planning and quotas, detailed standardisation and conformity. Was this ever necessary or desirable? Is this appropriate to a Europe of 500 million people, with such a wide diversity of different climates, societies, needs and priorities?

Seaquest: The goal has to be to reduce overfishing. Yes, discards are wasteful - it's understandable that there's outrage at the idea, and it's fantastic that the issue has been publicised. But a ban will only work as part of a more considered approach to harvest control, taking into account the impact of different gears, sectors of the industry etc (not to mention negotiating the clunky CFP in the process .

Bucket (who is actually Dr Daniel Howell, a fisheries scientists based at the Institute of Marine Research in Bergen, Norway : It is perfectly possible to ban discards in a fishery, and such a ban exists in a number of countries. You simply need the political will to put in place a system in place where fishermen can be fined and ultimately lose their license and quota if repeatedly caught discarding. The North Sea is relatively heavily patrolled sea, so there would be enough chance of getting caught to act as a deterrent.

@janechittenden: MPs decision pro-fish discards is madness; favours destructive mega-industry. Small-scale sustainable fishing is the way to go.

1.29pm: I have received this statement from Ian Campbell, the UK coordinator for OCEAN2012, a coalition of campaigners aiming to "ensure that the 2012 reform of the EU Common Fisheries Policy stops overfishing, ends destructive fishing practices and delivers fair and equitable use of healthy fish stocks":

A reformed CFP must create incentives and rewards for fishers who make efforts to reduce unwanted bycatch in the first place, which would become a driver towards greater selectivity, lowering bycatch resulting in fewer fish discarded. These incentives need to be embedded alongside a requirement to land all catches a, de facto discard ban.
The issue of discarding needs to be addressed on a fishery-by-fishery basis. The EFRA report implies that a discard ban would "merely shift unwanted fish in the sea to unwanted fish on land". This misses the point raised in the Fish Fight campaign and highlighted by the many fishermen who took part in the programme. It is extremely doubtful whether cod that is currently dumped at sea would be "unwanted" if it was landed at a port.
Finally, the report also seems to misunderstand the reasoning behind proposals for a discard ban. The main pillar of a landing obligation is to provide a driver for fishers to avoid catching unwanted species in the first place (such as the successful Project 50% in the SW of England , and not to purely increase landings.

1.35pm: This just in from Johan Kvalheim, director of the Norwegian Seafood Council for the UK and France:

Norway has a long tradition of managing its fisheries in harmony with nature, and is internationally regarded by many organisations as a world leader in sustainable fisheries management.
2012 marks the 25th anniversary of the ban on fishing discards in Norway. Since 1987 Norway has committed to ensuring that our cold, clear waters are fished sustainably, more recently with MSC certification for all Norwegian wild cod and haddock. In fact the Barents Sea, where Norway captures about 93% of all its cod has the largest growing cod stock in the world. Following scientific advice through ICES, Norway has been able to increase its cod quota over the last few years.
This was not always the case. In 1987 Norwegian fish stocks were in decline. The discard ban originally covered cod and haddock in the economic zone north of 62°N, but the ban has been gradually expanded so that today it is prohibited to discard most species of fish in Norwegian waters.
The discard ban is part of a larger, comprehensive package of policies that Norway has implemented to ensure our fishing is sustainable. The four key principles of this are: Research, Regulations, Control and Sanctions: Norway invests heavily in research via its institute of Marine Research it is regulated heavily by the Ministry and Directorate of Fisheries - important regulations include mesh size, selectivity rules, restriction on the use of trawls and other gears, seasonal closures, by-catch rules, minimum sizes and the discard ban. These regulations are heavily controlled including policing by the Coast Guard with strict sanctions and fines being administered if fisherman are found to be flouting the rules.
As referenced earlier, the study by the University of York in 2009 concluded that adopting Norwegian policies in the North Sea would provide substantial benefits to the stocks with minimal short term costs to the fishing industry.
Initially, the economic cost to the fishing industry was relatively high with fishermen experiencing lower catch values and lower CPUE [catch per unit effort]. However, the period for which the fishing sector remained unprofitable lasted for just four years. Today, the Norwegian and Barents Sea fisheries are some of the most prosperous in the world.
It's been a long journey, and it's not over yet, but the health of fish stocks in Norwegian waters shows it is entirely possible to successfully introduce a ban on discard and enable the fishing industry to thrive, whilst positively managing the environment and fish populations alike.

1.43pm: A comment from Wietse van der Werf, international director of the Black Fish, which "campaigns to end illegal and destructive fishing practices":

What is most disappointing about the publication of today's report is that it is yet another attempt to push difficult decisions related to the fishing issue forward by at least another few years. 80% of fish populations in European seas are believed to be overexploited and generally the sea is in such bad shape that any type of conservation measure is welcomed. Holding back on taking action simply isn't an option if we we want to secure a healthy future for the oceans. However, the thing we should remember is that ending the discarding of fish won't do anything to stop the overfishing of our oceans. What is needed is a change in the way we fish and ensuring that discards aren't occurring in the first place. The fact is that we fish too much and grossly indiscriminately so unless we are willing to end the destructive nature of the industrial fishing effort, there won't be much fish left to discard or not to discard, in about three decades from now.

2.02pm: The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has a webpage dedicated to the topic of fish discards. It says:

The UK Government, in partnership with Denmark, is trialling an alternative system of managing fish stocks in the North Sea. Rather than using the traditional method of counting catches on land, this alternative method counts catches at sea. The aim of the trial is to understand whether this type of management system is possible in EU fisheries, if it can reduce discards, and encourage fishermen to fish more selectively. Interim results look promising and we aim to extend the trials in 2011 to gather more evidence for CFP reform.

Meanwhile, in the UK, it says it is trying three "fresh approaches" to reduce discards:

* Social marketing research studies to understand and change discard behaviours of fishermen, e.g. Project 50% in 2009, in which scientists and fishermen working together reduced discards in the Brixham trawl fleet by 52%; and a current project on trawlers in the Irish Sea.
* Gear modifications trials that try to reduce the capture of unwanted marine species, such as the current Looe (South West otter trawl pilot.
* The Fishing for the markets project, a new initiative looking to encourage consumption of under-utilised, sustainable species that are often discarded. The project aims to gather knowledge and experience from a range of individuals and organisations along the supply chain about existing market practices and un-tapped potential for under-utilised species.

2.31pm: A response from Seafish, the "the only pan-industry body offering services to all parts of the seafood industry, including catching and aquaculture, processors, importers, exporters and distributors of seafood and restaurants and retailers":

Seafish notes EFRA's report today with interest. We have ourselves been closely involved in supporting efforts by UK industry to reduce discards, particularly through the work of our Discard Action Group (DAG – an important working forum bringing together key industry representatives to debate the topic and seek solutions. DAG will digest the implications of this report and its recommendations to see how this fits with the work of the group so far.
Unfortunately, the fact remains that discards is a highly complex problem without a 'one size fits all' solution. Each specific fishery (target species and location has unique issues which require individual attention – somehow the 'biological significance' of discards has to be considered within whatever reforms are implemented. The reform of the CFP is built on three pillars of sustainable economic, environmental and social conditions. There is a danger that a single-minded fixation on banning all discards will undermine these basic principles.

3.13pm: A response from Oceana, the "largest international organisation focused solely on ocean conservation, protecting marine ecosystems and endangered species":

In some fisheries, discarding can destroy almost as much economic value as the targeted catch is able to create. To truly tackle this issue, and put an end to this incredibly wasteful practice, Oceana believes (pdf that any effective discard ban must include:

* The establishment of an obligation to land all catches
* The establishment of Maximum Acceptable By-catch
* The implementation of a package of technical measures to reduce unwanted bycatch, including the adoption of a Best Available Technologies (BATs approach in fishing practice, which will: 1 Improve the selectivity and use of fishing gear; 2 Prohibit gears/techniques that are widely known to have high discard rates, and promote alternative, more selective gears (with lower by-catch rates ; 3 Establish spatial and temporal fishing closure areas when the rate of by-catch exceeds certain limits

The progressive implementation of these measures is essential, in order to take into consideration the time needed for the fishing sector to adjust to new management approaches.
The question of whether or not an EU ban can truly deal with the issue of discards cannot be answered until we see the final text. Unfortunately, the current draft of the CFP does not tackle every aspect of the problem. It only requires all catches of commercial species (around 34 to be landed, and does not specify these landings will be used. Furthermore, it ignores all species which currently have no management measures. This is not a good sign for the success of an EU discard ban.

3.42pm: I've just received this response from Richard Benyon, the UK's fisheries Minister:

The EFRA Committee share our goal to eliminate discards and we all want clear objectives and workable measures introduced to ensure they work effectively in practice. I want to see this done as fast as possible. This means looking at the problem fishery by fishery, accounting for total catch, and working with fishermen to reduce unwanted catches in the first place. Robust plans for each fishery should set the appropriate timeline for specific measures to eliminate discards, taking into account the best available scientific advice on what will be most effective. I have repeatedly called for an end to discards and I will continue to press for this throughout the CFP reform negotiations.

4.12pm:

My verdict

The reaction to the report published today by the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee arguing that any discard ban imposed by the EU should be delayed until 2020 has, rather predictably and understandably, been largely met with frustration and hostility. Implementing any ban would clearly be complicated for a wide variety of reasons discussed above. There are, for example, huge variations between the EU's fishing fleets and the vulnerability of the species they target meaning, as many have pointed out, a one-size-fits-all solution is impractical and unworkable.
But the lessons learnt in Norway's fisheries provide hope that an intelligent, science-led, highly regulated/policed system, which incorporates a discard ban, can be adopted much sooner than the 2020 deadline being proposed by the MPs on the EFRA committee. Notably, the Norwegian experience seems to have relied on tight policing of trawlers to make sure they keep within the strict regulations governing their 25-year-long ban on discards. Counting fish at sea rather than on land, also seems to offer promise.
So much of this appears to come down to discipline and commitment, though. Monitoring needs to be enforced and threats of punishment followed through. The technology used to fish still seems so crude, too, when trawlers can, in the process of searching for just one species, manage to haul in dozens of unwanted species. And, as the FishFight campaign has so successfully shown, we must each help create demand for the "unwanted" species by thinking beyond favourites such as cod and haddock.
So, yes, an EU ban of fish discards can be effective - and implemented soon - but only with a savvier, more adaptable approach than the current, rather crude system allows.


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hbottemiller@foodsafetynews.com (Helena Bottemiller
23.02.2012 12:59:01
A "tiny" program at USDA, which does the lion's share of public produce testing in the U.S., is on the chopping block.

Depending on who you ask, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Microbiological Data Program (MDP , which randomly tests produce for dangerous pathogens, is either an unnecessary, slow-moving program housed in the wrong agency, or a critical public health initiative that fills a big, alarming gap in domestic produce testing.

The debate over MDP, which falls under the Agriculture Marketing Service, intensified last week with the news that the Obama administration's budget eliminates the $5 million program in Fiscal Year 2013.

Launched under President Bush's 2001 Food Safety Initiative, MDP now tests about 15,000 samples of fruits and
vegetables each year, far more than any other federal or state program. Public health officials pull samples of alfalfa sprouts, cantaloupe, cilantro, hot
peppers, bagged lettuce and spinach and tomatoes to gather data on E.
coli (STEC , E. coli O157:H7 and other pathogens that can contaminate these products. 

Samples are collected from produce distribution centers in 11
states, which, according to MDP, represent about 50 percent of the
United States population. Any isolated pathogens are then sent for pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE testing and the resulting pattern is uploaded
into the Centers for Disease Control PulseNet database so that it can
be matched against human isolates or outbreak patterns.

In its budget request for FY 2013, the Obama administration justified cutting MDP, calling it a "lower-priority program because it is has a low impact and is not central to the core mission of AMS, which is to facilitate the competitive and efficient marketing of agricultural products."

On Monday, The New York Times ran an editorial boosting the obscure program into the limelight. In "A Tiny Program That Matters," the editors call the proposed cut "an alarming setback in the fight to keep the food supply safe."

"Keeping food safe requires consistent monitoring by the federal government," read the editorial. "Ending this small program would harm those efforts."

The produce industry has long argued that MDP is ineffective and does nothing for food safety.

"By the time they detect something and notify FDA the product has already been eaten," said David Gombas, senior vice president for food safety and technology at United Fresh, in an interview with Food Safety News last summer, adding that it could be several weeks before a recall is initiated after a positive test. "They're not preventing anything. That produce is gone."

United Fresh, which represents the majority of the produce industry, has lobbied for eliminating the program, arguing that the MDP has strayed from its original mission, data collection, to regulatory and enforcement activities that are slow and unnecessary.  

"Growers, processors are not notified at the time samples are taken. Most results are well past shelf-life," read the minutes of a United Fresh Food Safety & Technology Council meeting in January 2011. "Does a single sample positive make any sense to cause a recall without reported illnesses? We do not believe this program is adding to public safety. There must be other alternatives."

Tiny Program, Broad Impact 

According a report in the Chicago Tribune, which first flagged that the program was on the chopping block last summer, MDP tests have triggered at least 19 produce recalls in the past two years.

In the past couple of months, for example, MDP tests conducted by the Washington State Department of Agriculture sparked recalls of bagged spinach and jalapeno and serrano chili peppers, both for Salmonella.     

Washington state's capacity for produce testing is a prime example of the impact MDP can have on the ground. In 2010, the WSDA's microbiology laboratory received $400,000 to implement produce testing for MDP, resources that state officials say also help boost local food safety oversight.

"It is unlikely that we would be able to continue the activity using existing state resources," said Kirk Robinson, Assistant Director at the Food Safety and Consumer Services Division, in July, adding that the lab would likely have to cut staff that are currently funded by the program. "This loss of staff could impact the timelines of work in response to foodborne illnesses outbreaks."

Robinson noted that the MDP funding helps WSDA improve testing infrastructure and laboratory equipment.

"Besides testing MDP samples, this equipment has been utilized for testing food and dairy products for regulatory purposes, and has successfully identified human pathogens in higher-risk foods on several occasions in the last few years," he said.

One state official estimated there is generally about a week of lag time between when a produce sample is collected from a distribution facility and when FDA might recall product that is confirmed positive.

According to an MDP document obtained by Food Safety News, between 2002 to 2011, MDP-participating laboratories analyzed approximately 121,000 fresh fruit and vegetable samples.

During this same time period, numerous pathogens were isolated from the produce samples tested by MDP:  (128 Salmonella, (42 non-O157 ETEC, (97 non-O157 STEC, (2 E. coli O157:H7, and (4 Listeria monocytogenes, and throughout the decade of testing, MDP significantly improved the turnaround time on samples. 

"Constantly refining procedures and adding technologies such as automated DNA extraction and real-time PCR has allowed MDP laboratories to reduce the time it takes from sample receipt to pathogen isolation from 14 days to as little as 5 days," according to the document, which outlined the program's accomplishments.

According to MDP, the program provides close to 90 percent of all available bacterial pathogen data for fruit and vegetables and is a "significant contributor" to CDC's PulseNet Database.

Vilsack in the Hot Seat
  
Last Friday, the debate over zeroing out MDP came to a head at a four-hour agriculture appropriations hearing, during which U.S Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT grilled Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack over the cut.

"I think it's a critical program, I've always believed that, I've always advocated for it," said DeLauro, who pressed Vilsack to defend USDA's decision.

"It's a question of where it's appropriately funded," said Vilsack. "We don't think it's consistent with the mission of [the Agricultural Marketing Service]. That's the question. As we take a look at our budget, we've got to take a look at our core competencies and what is directly linked to our mission."

Citing the "disgrace" of the proposed food safety budget for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, DeLauro continued to press Vilsack on the issue during two rounds of questioning. She said she believes the administration's budget showed their focus on food safety was "questionable."

DeLauro pointed out that, in the scheme of things, the MDP's budget is "not a lot of money" -- it "winds up being budget dust." The congresswoman also lambasted the idea that state and local governments pick up the slack on produce testing.

"Talk about resources! Go to any state effort. There are no resources there," she said. "We're not talking billions of dollars - like the numbers that get thrown around this institution for things that don't have the same kind of ability to save lives. Is this a program that's going to fall through the cracks and no one is going to pick it up?"

"I wish we would figure out how to take programs that work and provide a real difference and say that that's worth saving."

Vilsack responded saying he'd like to see FDA's budget increase by $4 million to absorb the program, but the austere fiscal situation means making tough choices. DeLauro promised to give USDA some suggestions for alternative cuts because, she said: "I am telling you, it's not going to happen at FDA."

"I will work with you. I will go through your budget. I will find a place where we can get $4.3 million to potentially save lives," added DeLauro. "That's what this piece does."









NHS Choices
23.02.2012 15:00:00

Work-related stress has “soared” by 40% and absentee rates by 25% during the recession, according to the Daily Mail. The newspaper today reported that “job security, poor communication and managerial direction could be to blame for the trend”.

This story is based on a study surveying thousands of civil servants in Northern Ireland in 2005, before the recession, and during the recession in 2009. It found that the proportion of employees reporting their job as “very” or “extremely” stressful rose from 18.5% in 2005 to 26% in 2009. The proportion of employees reporting having taken time off work in the previous year due to work-related stress increased from 6% in 2005 to 7.5% in 2009. The number of stress-related sick days participants reported also rose, from 2.01 days on average in 2005 to 2.72 days in 2009.

There are several points to consider when interpreting this study, such as the fact that the survey didn’t include exactly the same set of people both times and that factors other than the recession may have contributed to the changes seen. In addition, the results may not be representative of other jobs or areas of the UK, and can’t tell us anything about the people who may have lost their jobs or who are trying to run their own business in the face of an economic downturn.

Taking appropriate steps to ensure employee wellbeing should be a high priority for all employers, regardless of what the economic climate may be.

 

Where did the story come from?

The study was carried out by researchers from the University of Nottingham, the University of Ulster and the Northern Ireland Civil Service; the latter also funded the study. It was published in the peer-reviewed journal Occupational Medicine.

The Daily Mail provided a reasonable outline of the findings of this study but didn't discuss its limitations. The newspaper’s story led with the more dramatic way of describing the increases in work-related stress and stress related absence by using the relative increase in levels. It did put the 40% increase in work-related stress in context by giving the actual proportion of people affected during the recession in this study, which was one worker in four.

What kind of research was this?

This was a “time trend” study looking at levels of psychosocial risk factors, work-related stress and stress-related absence at the Northern Ireland Civil Service before and during the recession.

This type of study is useful for describing trends over time. As well as identifying trends, these studies often try to identify why these trends have occurred by looking at what other changes occurred over the time periods surveyed. The people assessed at the different time points are not necessarily the same individuals, and multiple factors can change over time, so it's difficult to pinpoint the causes of any trends identified.

 

What did the research involve?

The researchers surveyed Northern Ireland Civil Service (NICS workers in 2005, before the recession, and again during the recession in 2009. They then looked at whether the levels of psychosocial risk factors, assessed using a self-reported questionnaire, work-related stress and stress-related absence, differed between these two periods.

In 2005, all NICS employees were surveyed, and 17,124 (51% responded. In 2009, surveys were distributed to employees from a random selection of NICS departments, and 9,913 (40% responded. Most of the staff surveyed were full-time employees (88% in 2005 and 86% in 2010 . The anonymous survey included questions about management standards that assess the psychosocial work environment. The questions addressed the following seven areas:

  • job demands
  • job control
  • managerial support
  • peer support
  • relationships
  • job role
  • changes at work

There were also questions about how stressful the participants found their job, and how many days they had been absent from work due to work-related stress in the past year. Senior staff were interviewed to ensure that no significant organisational changes had occurred in the period that might influence participants’ survey responses.

The researchers then looked at how the factors surveyed had changed over time, and the relationships between them.

 

What were the basic results?

The researchers found that employees reported higher levels of work-related psychosocial risk factors during the recession than before it. During the recession, participants generally reported a poorer status in six out of the seven areas assessed (job demands, job control, peer support, relationships, job role and changes at work . There was no significant difference in managerial support before compared with during the recession.

The levels of work-related stress and absence attributed to work-related stress were significantly higher during recession than before it. In 2005, 18.5% of people reported that their job was “very” or “extremely” stressful, rising to 26% in 2009. In 2005, 6% of people reported having taken time off work in the last year due to work-related stress, rising to 7.5% in 2009. In 2005, the average period of time absent due to work-related stress in the past year was 2.01 days, rising to 2.72 days in 2009.

Higher levels of psychosocial risk factors were associated with higher levels of work-related stress and stress-related absence.

 

How did the researchers interpret the results?

Following their study, the researchers concluded that the economic recession was associated with worsening of exposure to psychosocial risk factors at work, and greater work-related stress and stress-related sickness absence. They said that their results indicated “the need for a concerted focus on psychosocial risk management activities during austere economic times” to promote worker health and reduce sickness absence.

 

Conclusion

This study gives an indication of the levels of work-related psychosocial risk factors, work-related stress and stress-related sickness absence in the Northern Ireland Civil Service before and after the onset of the recession. There are several points to note:

  • Although the study was quite large, it was restricted to mainly white-collar employees of the civil service in Northern Ireland. The results may not apply to other workplaces or countries. The study also doesn’t tell us anything about people not in employment or who are self-employed.
  • A large proportion of employees didn’t respond to the surveys (up to 60% and those who did respond may differ from those who didn't in terms of work-related psychosocial risk factors, work-related stress and stress-related sickness absence. For example, people experiencing these issues might have a greater drive to report them or conversely might be less motivated to take part in the surveys.
  • The study doesn’t necessarily include exactly the same people at the two different time points, so some differences may just be due to including different people. The researchers said, however, that civil servants tend to stay in their posts for long periods of time and therefore they felt it likely that most subjects completed both surveys.
  • Although the recession is a major economic event, other events and factors may have changed between 2005 and 2009 which could have contributed to the changes seen.
  • The Daily Mail’s headline focused on reporting the “40% increase” in work stress, and “25% increase” in stress-related absence. It is important to note that these are the percentage increases relative to levels in 2005. In absolute terms, in 2009 around 26% of respondents reported that work was either very or extremely stressful, compared with 18.5% in 2005 (a difference of 7.5% . In 2009, 7.5% of employees reported having taken time off work in the last year due to work-related stress compared with 6% in 2005.
  • All aspects of the survey were self-reported and may not be representative of other records such as employer-recorded absence.

Due to the nature of the study, it isn’t possible to state precisely to what extent the recession is responsible for the changes seen. However, optimising employee wellbeing should be an important consideration for all employers, regardless of the current economic climate.

Analysis by Bazian

Links To The Headlines

Work-related stress soared in the recession as number of people going off sick rose by a quarter. Daily Mail, February 23 2012

Links To Science

Houdmont J, Kerr R and Addley K. Psychosocial factors and economic recession: the Stormont Study. Occupational Medicine (Lond (2012 62(2 : 98-104









2012-02-23 05:56:16
Researchers from MIT, Harvard Medical School (HMS and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH have developed a new device that they say will make it easier to find specific cells in complex mixtures such as blood samples -- a discovery that could make it easier to diagnose and treat diseases.

"Researchers have used a number of techniques to sort cells based on differences in size, density or electrical properties," Anne Trafton of the MIT News Office said in a Wednesday report. "However, since the physical characteristics of cells can vary significantly, these techniques risk separating cells incorrectly, leading to an erroneous diagnosis."

"A more specific way to isolate cells is to use antibodies that latch on to distinctive molecules displayed on the surfaces of the target cells," she added. "However, this selective approach only works if the target cells come into contact with the antibodies designed to capture them. This is unlikely to happen when the cells are moving at relatively high speeds."

Enter Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST graduate student Sukant Mittal, MGH and HMS postdoctoral student Ian Wong, MIT chemical engineering professor William Deen, and MGH, HMS and HST Biomedical Engineering Professor Mehmet Toner. Together, the quartet have developed a new microfluidic device that they claim can target tumor cells, stem cells or other types of cells quicker than similar devices currently on the market. They discuss their research in Tuesday's edition of the Biophysical Journal.

Their device is designed in order to guide the fluid mixtures in order to make it easier to bring the target cells in contact with the antibodies that capture them. They designed it using a soft membrane with nanoscale pores which separate a pair of microchannels.

The fluids enter one microchannel, and in the midst of their journey through it, they and the targeted cells are guided towards the membrane dividing the two channels. There, the fluids are allowed to pass into the second microchannel, but the cells are unable to do so.

"Once they reach the surface, they start rolling — slowly enough that target cells have time to attach to the antibodies and get captured, but fast enough to keep the other cells moving. Such rolling behavior is similar to how white blood cells or stem cells selectively “home in” to sites of infection and injury in the body," Trafton wrote, adding that the technology "could be used in applications such as point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine."

One possible use for these devices, according to the MIT News report, is to isolate cancer cells from the rest of a patient's blood sample. The researchers have reportedly previously demonstrated that the amount of circulating tumor cells in a person's bloodstream corresponds with the clinical response to treatment in that patient, leading them to believe that there is potential in creating personalized treatment programs for those suffering from the disease.

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Image Caption: This microfluidic device can rapidly isolate target cells using a nanoporous membrane sandwiched between two channels. Credit: Sukant Mittal and Ian Wong

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On the Net:







Editors
24.02.2012 19:37:27
Use Of Preventive Services Could Be Better Aligned With Clinical Recommendations -- This report looks at Medicare patients' use of eight specific preventive services, which have "the potential to improve health outcomes and lower health care expenditures," according to the authors. Use of cardiovascular and cervical cancer screenings "generally aligned with clinical recommendations, ... but use of other cancer screenings" did not.
http://www.news-medical.net/news/20120224/Research-roundup-Hospital-medication-errors3b-Key-Medicaid-issues-in-2014.aspx#comment







23.02.2012 13:22:41
Despite the rising incidence of cancer in Northern Ireland, the number of people surviving the disease here is increasing significantly year on year.
Each year there are between 50-60 men and women who survive the deadly effects of cancer who previously would have died.
The survival rates in Northern Ireland for cancers including breast and colorectal are among the best in the UK, and its patients are benefiting from improved treatment outcomes by up to four per cent better than those for England and Wales.
The figures have been revealed today as Queen’s University Belfast is presented with a Diamond Jubilee Queen’s Anniversary Prize at Buckingham Palace, in recognition of its leadership of the Northern Ireland Comprehensive Cancer Services (CCS programme.
The CCS programme has been credited with driving forward the improvements in cancer survival in Northern Ireland. It is a collaboration led by Queen’s University in partnership with the Department of Health and the five Northern Ireland Health Trusts with support from the medical research industry.
The programme has resulted in the reorganisation of cancer services across Northern Ireland, and investment of more than £200 million in infrastructure and personnel for treatment and research by the University and the health service.
The CCS programme was also recently described by the distinguished medical journal, The Oncologist, as ‘life-extending research that is emblematic of the way cancer medicine should be conducted in the 21st century.’
Accepting the prize today, Professor Patrick Johnston, Dean of the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, said: “Despite the rising incidence rates of cancer, between 1993 and 2009, the number of men dying from cancer has gone down by 1.3 per cent and the number of women by 0.9 per cent. Some of our survivors are currently alive and well a significant number of years after the kind of cancer that not so long ago would have taken them from us.
“Cancer no longer needs to be seen as an inevitable death sentence. In many instances it can now be viewed instead as a chronic disease.”
He added: “This award underpins our reputation as a global centre of excellence for cancer care. To receive it is a singular honour, not just for Queen’s but for the whole of Northern Ireland and in particular all the fundraisers, the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, the five Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Trusts and our supporters from the national and international medical research industry.
“Our strength lies in a multidisciplinary approach – teams of scientists and clinicians working together across academic and NHS boundaries on behalf of cancer patients and their families.”
Queen’s Vice-Chancellor Professor Sir Peter Gregson said: “Queen’s is committed to high quality translational research. We are seeing innovations which are providing life-saving and life-enhancing results, reflecting our drive to become a global force in the fight against cancer.”
The pillars of the CCS programme are the Clinical Cancer Centre at Belfast City Hospital, the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, the Cancer Research Programme at Queen’s and the University’s Northern Ireland Cancer Registry which provides vital information about research and outcomes.
Media inquiries to Lisa McElroy, Senior Communications Officer. Tel: +44(0 28 9097 5384 or m 0044(0 781 44 22 572 or email lisa.mcelroy@qub.ac.uk








22.02.2012 10:00:00
Title: Health Tip: Be a Responsible Driver

Category: Health News

Created: 2/22/2012 8:05:00 AM

Last Editorial Review: 2/22/2012








22.02.2012 10:00:00
Title: Health Highlights: Feb. 21, 2012

Category: Health News

Created: 2/21/2012 2:05:00 PM

Last Editorial Review: 2/22/2012








23.02.2012 12:24:00

We Love Pharma, courtesy of CDM Worldwide

The pharmaceutical industry gets a bad rap.  To listen to the critics you’d think pharmaceutical companies are in the same sleazy category as oil, finance and tobacco companies.  But pharmaceutical companies invent life-saving medications, not to mention countless other psychoactive products that many of us enjoy on a recreational basis.  Pharmaceutical companies get blamed for fraud, kickbacks, and research deaths, but they never get the credit for oxycontin.

That is why I was thrilled to see that GlaxoSmithKline is sponsoring the prize for the British Medical Journal‘s annual Research Paper of the Year. Sure, the pharma-bashers will whine like infants at the BMJ’s decision to brand a medical research prize with the name of multinational drug company, just as they’re whining about an American editor’s decision to re-locate a leading bioethics journal to the Texas headquarters of a stem cell tourism clinic. These people just don’t get it.  This is not about propaganda or corruption.  It is about developing innovative medications for diseases that we didn’t even know existed.

In that spirit, my nomination for the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK Research Paper of the Year goes to a ground-breaking article about GSK’s very own antidepressant, Paxil, which was published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.  The title of the article is “Efficacy of Paroxetine in the Treatment of Adolescent Major Depression,” but seasoned pharma-watchers know it better as Study 329. The data behind Study 329 showed that Paxil didn’t actually work in adolescents – that, in fact, it was no better than a sugar pill. However, as any marketer understands, bad data cannot be allowed to interfere with a good paper.  By the time Study 329 appeared in print, GSK had used the magic of biostatistics to transform the raw data into a gleaming advertisement for Paxil.  As a result, when FDA eventually decided that Paxil had a few minor side-effects, such as suicide, Study 329 had already done its work: getting a GSK product into the hands of troubled teenagers.  And wait, here’s the beauty part: although the published version of Study 329 was “authored” by leading academic psychiatrists, it was actually written by a GSK ghostwriter.

Of course, the pharma-bashers have been complaining about Study 329 for years.  Some of them even want the journal to retract it.  The lead “author” who signed the paper, Martin Keller of Brown University, has been beaten up by the Senate Finance Committee, harassed by the New York attorney general, and vilified in the press, all because he put his name on a ghosted article and forgot to report half a million dollars in pharmaceutical income.  To which I say: stand strong, GSK.  Ignore the naysayers and the nitpickers.  It’s about time you gave these good people some public recognition.  Yes, it’s true that Study 329 is eleven years old, but you’re paying the BMJ over $47,000 to sponsor this prize. Surely they can bend the rules, just this once.




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24.02.2012 2:35:35
Find out what stars left Hollywood to pursue a more grounded life.

By Drew Mackie. The movie "Wanderlust" centers around the desire to move on from your current station in life and explore the bigger world. And in that vein, Wonderwall is looking at celebrities who did just that -- and moved on from the Hollywood life.Grace KellyProbably the single greatest story of an actor turning her back on Hollywood was told through the 1956 marriage of famed Hitchcock blonde Grace Kelly to Monaco's Prince Rainier III. Classically beautiful and, at only 26 years old, poised to lead a long Hollywood career, Kelly gave up the acting life for a different sort of existence in the spotlight: as a princess. And the world loved her all the more for it.

Kirk Cameron. After achieving teen heartthrob status on "Growing Pains," Kirk Cameron seemingly had Hollywood at his fingertips. He pushed it away, however, and declined traditional acting roles in favor of ones that expressed his conservative Christian values. Most notably, he starred in the "Left Behind" movies, which depict life on Earth post-Rapture. While not acting, Cameron works as an evangelist, advocating pro-Christian ideas such as intelligent design.

Dolores Hart. The story seems so unbelievable that it would verge on Hollywood-ish if it weren't about someone expressly rejecting all things show business. But it's true: Dolores Hart, a fresh-faced ingenue who gave Elvis Presley his first onscreen kiss in the 1957 film "Loving You," felt a different calling, so in 1953 she abandoned acting to become a nun. Hart, now Sister Dolores, became the prioress of a Bethlehem, Conn., nunnery. A documentary about her life, "God Is Bigger Than Elvis," is nominated for an Oscar this year.

Dave Chappelle. Anyone with a cable subscription in the mid-2000s probably experienced the Comedy Central cult hit "Chappelle's Show," on which Dave Chappelle made light of pop culture, race in America, and Rick James in particular. But as omnipresent as Chappelle was from 2003-06, he vanished to South Africa to clear his head and then ultimately retired to a more rural existence in Ohio. Chappelle, now a practicing Muslim, has made occasional returns to show business -- some stand-up and the 2006 film "Block Party" -- but by and large, he has left Hollywood behind.

Sean Connery. Think about it: When's the last time you saw a Sean Connery movie in theaters? Your last chance would have been the 2003 flop "The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen." After having passed on the role of Gandalf in the "Lord of the Rings" trilogy, Connery got fed up with Hollywood altogether and, at 74 years old, retired. It's not like he didn't have job offers. In 2007, he told BBC that he had no interest in starring in another "Indiana Jones" movie, because "retirement was just too much damned fun."

John Hughes. He shaped a generation's ideas about teen movies -- and the teen years in general -- but Hollywood wasn't a lifelong love for him. After scoring hits with "Ferris Bueller's Day Off," "The Breakfast Club," "Pretty in Pink" and family fare like "Home Alone," director John Hughes retired in 1994, when he returned to his onetime home in Chicago. Aside from occasional returns to the public eye, such as recording a commentary track for the DVD release of "Ferris," Hughes (pictured with "Sixteen Candles" stars Molly Ringwald and Justin Henry remained there until his untimely death by heart attack in 2009 at age 59.

Cat Stevens. Now known as Yusuf Islam, Cat Stevens made an abrupt departure from the music industry following his conversion to Islam after nearly drowning in 1976. It wasn't a moral conflict that drove him away so much as his desire to escape the commitments of touring and performing, but what's most remarkable about his story is that he eventually returned to the industry after his musician son, Muhammad Islam, brought a guitar back into the family's house. He now sings secular music again, but he has concentrated his efforts on supporting disaster relief and worldwide charities.

Phoebe Cates. It's one of the most iconic images of the '80s: Cates, in her red bathing suit, standing on a diving board. And while she found cinematic success subsequent to "Fast Times at Ridgemont High," a still youthful-looking Cates retired from acting in 1994 to raise the two children with her husband, actor Kevin Kline. She's only returned to acting once: 2001's "The Anniversary Party," a feature directed by her close friend and "Ridgemont" co-star Jennifer Jason Leigh. In 2006, Cates opened an uptown Manhattan boutique called Blue Tree.

Meg Tilly. For a time, Meg Tilly seemed poised to be the more successful Tilly sister, having scored an Oscar nom for her 1985 film, "Agnes of God." But whereas Jennifer Tilly has acted continually since the late '80s, Meg stopped in 1995 to raise her family. Around the same time, she also published Singing Songs, a pseudo-autobiographical novel about a physically abusive childhood. Only in 2010 did she tentatively resume her acting career, though she maintains that the extended Hollywood hiatus was the right move for her. Fun side note: Tilly beat out Phoebe Cates for the role of Kevin Kline's girlfriend in "The Big Chill." Cates and Kline met during the audition process and eventually married, but both Cates and Tilly would eventually shun Hollywood.

Shirley Temple. Given how often Shirley Temple films serve as shorthand for "Old Hollywood," it's remarkable to consider that Temple left show business early enough in her life to embark on a different sort of career altogether: as a politician. After ending her 33-year acting career, a 39-year-old Temple unsuccessfully ran for a congressional seat in 1967. Subsequent to that, she put her stage presence to good use as a United Nations representative, an ambassador (to Ghana and then to Czechoslovakia , and the first-ever Chief Protocol to the U.S.

Kristy McNichol. She parlayed her success as a child actor on the series "Family" and the coming-of-age movie "Little Darlings" into an adult acting career, but she had to leave her hit sitcom "Empty Nest" in 1992 as a result of complications with bipolar disorder. That show's 1995 series finale marked McNichol's last-ever onscreen appearance. It was not, however, the last time she made news: McNichol would later disclose how happy she'd become since her early retirement, and in 2012, she revealed that she'd been in a lesbian relationship for the past 20 years.

Cary Grant. It's difficult to think of Cary Grant as having a life separate from show business, but that's exactly how this Hollywood icon spent the final 20 years of his life. When his wife Dyan Cannon gave birth to their daughter, Jennifer Grant, in 1965, a 62-year-old Grant decided he'd spent enough of his life working. He became a doting dad and publicly bemoaned not having had a child sooner. Cannon then became the actor in the family -- until the couple split in 1968. Grant remained a retiree until his death in 1986.

Debra Winger. One of the most acclaimed actresses of the '80s, Debra Winger won near-universal acclaim for her performances in "Urban Cowboy," "An Officer and a Gentleman" and "Terms of Endearment." Roles dwindled, however, as the '90s approached, to the point that in 2002, Rosanna Arquette directed the documentary "Searching for Debra Winger" about Winger's inexplicable disappearance and the plight of actresses attempting to juggle their personal, professional and family lives. Winger, who explained that she quit acting to live a fuller life, eventually returned to the big screen in 2008 with "Rachel Getting Married."

Rick Moranis. From "Ghostbusters" to "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids," Moranis was the geeky face of late '80s/early '90s comedy. And although it's pop culture's loss that Moranis hasn't made a major onscreen appearance since 1997, his absence is for a very legitimate reason: Following the 1991 death of his wife, Anne, Moranis felt he had to leave Hollywood in order to be a full-time parent to his two children.

Doris Day. Beginning in 1948, Day successfully treaded the line between acting jobs and a thriving singing career for more than 20 years. Then, following the end of "The Doris Day Show" in 1978, the then-54-year-old fled Hollywood for the wealthy enclave of Carmel, Calif., where she began using her considerable celebrity to support animal rights. She has on occasion ventured back into the public eye, and she released her first album in 20 years in late 2011, but her days as reigning queen of Hollywood ended definitively when she decided to move on.

John Tesh. Tesh's face and his signature blond locks were readily recognizable in the '90s. In addition to co-hosting "Entertainment Tonight," he also logged several hours as a sportscaster for Tour de France and the Olympics. But all this primo face time wasn't Tesh's cup of tea, so in 1996 he abandoned his on-camera duties to pursue his first love: the magic of adult contemporary music. And while Tesh (pictured with wife Connie Sellecca still hosts a syndicated radio show, he now offers information about health and well-being instead of celeb news.

Heather Donahue . The close-up shot of her face, addressing the camera as fluids stream from her eyes (and nose , is one of the most memorable in horror movie history, but "The Blair Witch Project" star Heather Donahue ultimately decided she'd left enough of a mark in Hollywood. So she took everything related to her acting career into the desert, set it on fire, and moved to Nuggettown, Calif., to grow medical-grade marijuana. That totally beats vanishing into a haunted forest, right?








23.02.2012 10:00:00
Title: Health Tip: Is Your Blood Pressure Too Low?

Category: Health News

Created: 2/23/2012 8:05:00 AM

Last Editorial Review: 2/23/2012








24.02.2012 0:57:00
Michigan's attorney general filed a lawsuit today along with six other states against the Obama administration over its contraception mandate for health care plans.








2012-02-23 09:22:21
[ Watch the Video ]

Engineers at the Stanford University School of Engineering have for the first time demonstrated a wirelessly powered medical device so small that it can be implanted in the human body and propel itself through the bloodstream, a feat scientists have been trying to accomplish for more than fifty years.

Ada Poon, an assistant professor at Stanford, and lead researcher of the project, presented her research at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC in San Francisco. She demonstrated to members of the conference how the device can be implanted or injected into the human body where it can be powered wirelessly using electromagnetic radio waves instead of batteries or power cords.

“Such devices could revolutionize medical technology,” said Poon. “Applications include everything from diagnostics to minimally invasive surgeries.”

She said these medical devices could travel through the body delivering drugs to where they need to go, performing analyses, and even zapping blood clots or removing plaque from sclerotic arteries.

These tiny wireless devices could one day replace most of today’s implements that are run on large, heavy batteries that must be changed periodically. And most of the current devices in use have batteries that take up half the volume of the device.

“While we have gotten very good at shrinking electronic and mechanical components of implants, energy storage has lagged in the move to miniaturize,” said co-author Teresa Meng, a professor of electrical engineering and of computer science at Stanford. “This hinders us in where we can place implants within the body, but also creates the risk of corrosion or broken wires, not to mention replacing aging batteries.”

The wireless devices are much different. A radio transmitter sending signals to the device would remain outside the body. The device picks up the signals using a tiny coiled wire antenna. The two are magnetically coupled such that any change in current flow in the transmitter induces a voltage in the antenna. The power can both run the device and propel it.

Although its sounds like an easy task to accomplish, Poon said it was anything but. She first had to upend some long-held assumptions about the delivery of wireless power inside the human body. According to scientific models, high-frequency radio waves dissipate quickly in human tissue, fading exponentially the deeper they travel.

But on the other hand, low-frequency signals penetrate easier. However, these require larger antennas -- a few centimeters in diameter -- to generate enough power for the device, far too large to fit through most arteries in the body. So, based on the models telling engineers that it could not be done, they never tried.

But then, engineers, namely Poon, looked at the models more closely and realized that scientists were approaching the problem incorrectly. They assumed that human muscle, fat and bone were generally good conductors of electricity, and therefore governed by a specific subset of the mathematical principles known as Maxwell’s equations -- the “quasi-static approximation” to be exact.

Poon, taking a different approach, chose to model tissue as a dielectric -- a type of insulator. As it turned out, human tissue is a poor conductor of electricity. But, radio waves can still penetrate through them. In a dielectric, the signal is conveyed as waves of shifting polarization of atoms within cells. She also discovered that human tissue is a “low-loss” dielectric -- meaning little of the signal gets lost along the way.

Using the new models, she recalculated and made a surprising find: Using new equations she learned high-frequency radio waves travel much farther in human tissue than originally thought.

“When we extended things to higher frequencies using a simple model of tissue we realized that the optimal frequency for wireless powering is actually around one gigahertz, about 100 times higher than previously thought,” said Poon.

And more significantly, the antenna inside the body could be 100 times smaller and induce the same amount of power. The antenna Poon demonstrated was just two millimeters square; small enough to travel through the bloodstream.

Poon developed two types of self-propelled devices. One drives electrical current directly through the fluid to create a directional force that pushes the device forward, moving at about a half-centimeter per second. The other type switches current back and forth in a wire loop to produce swishing motion similar to the motion of a kayaker paddling upstream.

“There is considerable room for improvement and much work remains before these devices are ready for medical applications,” said Poon. “But for the first time in decades the possibility seems closer than ever.”

Poon’s research was supported and funded by C2S2 Focus Center, Olympus Corporation, and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company.

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On the Net:








23.02.2012 10:00:00
Title: Support for Tougher Liquor Laws Rises When Booze, Crime Linked

Category: Health News

Created: 2/22/2012 2:05:00 PM

Last Editorial Review: 2/23/2012